The National Plant Genome Initiative Objectives for 2003-2008 (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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In addition to the instrumental role that NPG] played in accelerating the completion of the first plant genome sequence, that of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it has supported the development of genomic resources, such as bacterial artificial chromosome libraries, physical and genetic maps, comparative genetic maps, and novel germplasm resources for a broad array of crop species.
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In response to the request, the Research Council established a committee to study the future directions of plant biology and genomics and to recommend priorities for the 2003-2008 phase of the NPGI. The work of the committee was informed by a 2-day workshop held at the National Academy of Sciences on June 6-7, 2002.
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1 1 Concentrating DNA sequencing efforts on a small number of carefully selected genomes is greatly preferred over a diffuse effort on many plant species because it focuses research on identification of genes and key biologic functions in experimental contexts in which those goals can be achieved economically.
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To leverage the investment suggested for the reference species, essential tools for comparative genomics need to be developed, including large-insert DNA-clone libraries, physical maps, and mapping tools for their agronomicaDy relevant relatives within the Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. These tools should be explicitly developed with applied goals in mind, including acceleration of plant breeding, mapping and deployment of quantitative-trait loci in breeding programs, and molecular identification of beneficial alleles of any particular gene.
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To fully exploit genome-based data, the plant-biology community needs to expand training opportunities into disciplines that are not traditionally associated with plant biology and crop sciences, such as computer science, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering. In addition to continued support for students and postdoctoral fellows on singlegrant applications, increased support for interdisciplinary training grants is needed to develop a scientific workforce capable of using the tools that multiple scientific fields offer to plant genomics.
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Sequence ESTs from specialized plant cell types and organs in species from which specific novelties in the expressed gene sets can be expected. We expect roughly 25 such projects of various size determined by the specific biological question.
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The public and private communities of applied plant biology should be included in efforts to translate basic discoveries to crops. In addition, assuming that prerequisite resources are developed and sequencing costs continue to drop, genomic sequencing of the gene-rich regions of soybean and wheat could be initiated.
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At the end of this decade, the plant-genome community wiD have made major inroads toward a more complete understanding of plants and gained new abilities to use them in productive and helpful ways.
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