Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors: Executive Summary
Appendix A: Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors: Executive Summary
Pages 162-172
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From page 162... ...
Appendix A Permissible Exposure Lerels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors: Contents and Executive Summary (NRC 1996)
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From page 163... ...
Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors SUBCOMMITTEE ON PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS FOR MILITARY FUELS COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C., 1996
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From page 164... ...
Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODU CTI ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MILITARY FUELS Jet-Propulsion Fuel 5 Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 Diesel Fuel Marine 3 TOXICOKINETICS OF MILITARY FUELS General Determinants of Hydrocarbon Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics of Specific Military Fuel Hydrocarbons Simulated Tissue Concentrations After Exposure to Components of Military Fuels 4 FUEL EXPOSURES, TOXICITY TESTING, AND AIR MONITORING IN NAVAL OPERATIONS Vapor Composition Setting PELs for Mixtures Implications for Toxicity Testing Implications for Air Monitoring 164 9 13 15 16 17 18 19 22 27 36 37 39 40 40
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From page 165... ...
Appendix ~ 5 EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE KIDNEY Effects of Acute Exposures to Fuel Vapors Effects of Subchronic Exposures to Fuel Vapors Conclusions 6 EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE HEMATOPOTETIC SYSTEM Hem atological Effects of JP-5 Fuel Vapors Hematological Effects of JP-8 Fuel Vapors Hematological Effects of DFM Fuel Vapors Conclusions EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Neurophysiological and Psychological Effects of Fuel Vapors Relationship between STEL and Minimum Alveolar C oncentrations Conclusions 8 EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE LIVER Hepatic Effects of JP-5 Fuel Vapors Hepatic Effects of JP-8 Fuel Vapors Hepatic Effects of DFM Fuel Vapors Hepatic Effects of JP-4 Fuel Vapors Conclusions 9 EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 10 CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS Epidemiological Studies Experimental Animal Studies Conclusions GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS Assay Testing for Genotoxicity Conclusions 12 EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUELS ON THE EYES AND SKIN Dermal and Ocular Effects of JP-4 Fuel Dermal and Ocular Effects of Diesel Fuel 165 44 44 45 49 51 51 53 54 55 56 57 65 66 69 69 72 73 75 77 82 84 84 96 100 101 101 103 104 104 105
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From page 166... ...
166 Appendix ~ Dermal and Ocular Effects of JP-8 Fuel Dermal and Ocular E ffects of D FM Fuel Dermal and Ocular E ffects of JP-5 Fuel Conclusions 1 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES APPENDIX A Program: Model for Two Volatile Organics 106 107 107 108 109 112 123
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From page 167... ...
Those interim exposure limits were based on the board's review of the manufacturers' technical documentation and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's recommendations for maximum exposure to refined petroleum solvents. The Navy decided that an independent review of the proposed interim exposure limits would be useful and requested that the National Research Council (NRC)
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From page 168... ...
If the Navy finds evidence of potential for exposures to respirable aerosols, which are much more toxic, new recommendations for limiting such exposures will need to be developed. It is understood that the board intends to use the exposure levels for the three fuels to help determine ventilation requirements in the cargo holds of the new strategic sealift ships and to prevent toxic exposures of service personnel to these fuels.
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From page 169... ...
The neurophysiological examination with electroencephalograms showed greater incidence of abnormalities in jet-fuel exposed workers than in nonexposed workers. However, the findings of CNS effects attributable to long-term exposure were considered questionable for a number of reasons, including weak and inconsistent evidence of impairment, inadequate methods of evaluation, inadequate consideration of confounding factors, a small cohort of workers,and a lack of quantitative information on exposure.
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From page 170... ...
In long-term animal studies involving inhalation exposure to unleaded gasoline, kidney cancers were observed only in male rats. That finding raises the question of whether longer exposure of male rats to JP-5, JP-8, or DFM might also result in increased kidney cancers.
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From page 171... ...
The subcommittee also recommends the following: · Appropriate protective clothing should be worn to reduce dermal exposure because of the evidence of the carcinogenic potential of DFM via the dermal route. Because respirable aerosols of military fuels are much more toxic than vapors, naval personnel should avoid exposure to aerosolized fuel.
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From page 172... ...
Breath analysis of exposed personnel is recommended to determine the extent of individual exposures to fuel vapors. Conduct studies on the possible effects of high-level acute and lowlevel chronic exposure to military fuel vapors on the CNS, including the effects on the performance of personnel.
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