One Step at a Time The Staged Development of Geologic Repositories for High-Level Radioactive Waste (2003) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix D: Staging from an International Perspective
Appendix D: Staging from an International Perspective
Pages 159-173
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 159... ...
Nevertheless, there have been numerous setbacks experienced by national programs. The second part of the appendix examines these negative outcomes and assesses whether the situation might have been different with full use of the Adaptive Staging approach.
|
From page 160... ...
The very simple, rather idealized reference designs are, however, being reviewed as implementation approaches to ensure that they are practicable and allow safe quality-assured remote handling during emplacement. As national disposal programs have moved ahead, there has not only been a growing realization of the importance of confidence in safely, there has also been increasing acknowledgement that residual uncertainties will remain and that decisions must be made in the face of these uncertainties (NEA, 1999~.
|
From page 161... ...
The United States and the United Kingdom short circuited a planned high-level waste selection process based on comparing results from more than one site and moved directly to a single preferred option (Yucca Mountain and SelIafield, respectively)
|
From page 162... ...
Following the dramatic failure of the technocratically managed SelIafield disposal project, the British government moved to the other extreme and launched an extremely wide and lenghly public consultation process. Similarly in Canada the total collapse of a 15-year technical program intended to lead to a decision for progressing from a generic to a site-specific phase has led to almost all emphasis shifting to the societal problems associated with disposal projects.
|
From page 163... ...
How flexible are national waste management programs worldwide? There has been an increase in the flexibility defining the goals for managing high-level waste and spent fuel.
|
From page 164... ...
The time scales proposed in staged waste disposal programs must be sufficient to allow the earlier learning experience to feed into later stages. The tendency of all program schedules to underestimate the time needed to move through a staged program is evident from an examination of the slippage in virtually all national programs.
|
From page 165... ...
Many waste management organizations produce extensive report series documenting all their work. Technical audits are carried out within programs by experts and across programs by international groups often organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency.
|
From page 166... ...
national repository programs There is a growing international consensus that repository programs have a higher chance of success when they proceed in a staged manner (NEA, 2002a, 1999; EDRAM, 2002~. The staging approaches described by NEA and EDRAM have commonalties with Adaptive Staging.
|
From page 167... ...
By the time of the public enquiry, NfREX had vastly improved its transparency and its public consultation processes, but regaining public trust continued to be a difficult and slow task. The result of the Seliafield enquiry was that the substantial funds that had been invested were lost and the national waste management program was set back for years, perhaps decades.
|
From page 168... ...
The result was that the entire waste management program stopped, and the basic desirability of geologic disposal was called into question (Brown, 2000~. Again, failure to integrate a wide range of stakehofUer input into the process until too late was a key cause of the failure.
|
From page 169... ...
D.2.2 Non-U.S. programs that have experienced greater success The most successful spent fuel management programs today are acknowledged to be those in Finland and Sweden (NEA, 2002b)
|
From page 170... ...
In summary, meeting the criteria for Adaptive Staging does not guarantee success, but the committee believes that Adaptive Staging is a promising management approach because its attributes address many of the challenges facing high-level waste geologic repository programs, as discussed in Chapter 4 of this report.
|
From page 171... ...
1998. Report of the Nuclear Fuel Waste Management and Disposal Concept Environmental Assessment Panel, Ottawa, Canada.
|
From page 172... ...
Nuclear Waste Management in Switzerland: Feasibility Studies and Safely Analyses.
|
From page 173... ...
Stakeholder Involvement and Confidence in the Process of Decision Making for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel in Finland. Workshop Proceedings.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.