Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: USDA/APHIS Draft Johne's Disease Control Program
Appendix C: USDA/APHIS Draft Johne's Disease Control Program
Pages 194-220
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Johne's Certified Veterinarians 194
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Official Johne's Disease Tests B Screening Tests Table C-1.
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Herd Testing and Classification, to help separate test-positive herds from test-negative herds. The Program has been developed in conjunction with the National Johne's Working Group, with advice and recommendations from the Johne's committee of the United States Animal Health Association.
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Animal health official: A full time employee of the State animal health depa~l~ent or of APHIS who has authority from the State veterinarian or the AVIC to carry out Program activities. Anniversary date: The date on which the DJC gave final approval for initial Program participation.
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Herd management plan: A written plan, produced by the certified veterinarian or animal health official in conjunction with the producer, that includes animal husbandry and hygiene practices specific to that herd and that is designed to limit opportunities for exposure to Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis. Infected animal: An animal that has been confirmed by an official Johne's disease test to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis.
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Premises identification number: A unique number assigned by the State animal health official to a livestock production unit that is, in the judgment of the State animal health official and AVIC, epidemiologically distinct from other livestock production units. The premises identification number consists of the State's two-letter postal abbreviation followed by the premises' assigned number or code.
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State Johne's Disease Group: A group of interested persons organized by the State animal health official to assist in the oversight and coordination of the State's Johne's Program. Susceptible species: Domesticated and exotic ruminants, such as cattle, bison, sheep, goats, cervids, and camelids, that are capable of natural infection with Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis.
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Assist animal health officials, herd owners, and the herd owner's veterinarian with developing herd management plans as requested/needed. Participate in the Program activities as a member of the State Johne's Disease Group.
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For example, the DJC may require the new certified veterinarian to develop the first one-to-five herd management plans in conjunction with an experienced animal health official. Johne's certified veterinarians will be required to take a JD refresher course approved by the DJC at least once every 3 years.
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Responsibilities Johne's certified veterinarians have the responsibility to: 1. Provide risk assessments and develop herd management plans that will meet the approval of the DJC when requested by the herd owners 2.
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Risk assessment Prior to developing an individual herd management plan, a risk assessment must be conducted in order to identify aspects of management likely to spread Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis throughout the herd. A copy of the risk assessment must be submitted with the herd management plan to the DJC.
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The herd management plan should address management practices that prevent the calves and young stock from becoming infected with Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis. The herd management plan must discuss: 1.
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It is recommended that all animals in participating herds should be individually identified using an official eartag. Any previous regulations listed in Title 9 CFR regarding animal identification with other animal health programs still apply.
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The purpose of this element is to publicly recognize producers in the Program for putting approved management practices and plans into place, as well as for separating test-negative herds from test-positive herds. Herds at this stage will continue undergoing herd risk assessments and be subject to herd management plans that were developed under the management element.
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b. For animals found positive to an official Johne's disease test, a herd owner may appeal the results by submitting a written statement to the DJC within 30 days of the positive results requesting an appeal, and must arrange for: 1)
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Animal identification - All animals must be individually identified using an official eartag. Any previous regulations listed in Title 9 CFR regarding animal identification for any other APHIS programs still apply.
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Level A can be maintained by achieving negative screening test results on 30 second or higher lactation animals every 10-14 months. Herds achieving Level A should be encouraged to enter the testnegative program at Level 1.
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For continuation, the herd owner must reapply with a copy of the test results, updated herd management plan, and an agreement to follow the test-positive component requirements. If the herd owner wishes to renew/advance but is waiting for confirmation of screening test results and therefore cannot meet the 14-month deadline, the herd owner can send the DJC a letter of intent to renew/advance.
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Application The herd owner enrolling the herd must sign an agreement to abide by the requirements concerning minimum biosecurity and management established in the management element as well as the identification, testing, and herd addition requirements listed below.
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d. Test-negative program herds may use semen and embryos from other cattle herds provided that the semen used is processed according to Certified Semen Services standards and the embryos are processed according to International Embryo Transfer Society protocols.
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d. Herd removal provisions If an animal in a testnegative herd tests positive to a screening test or an official Johne's disease test, or if the testing requirements are not followed, the herd must be removed from the test-negative component and placed in the test-positive component or in the management element (unless an appeal is pending)
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1) Level 1 The herd owner has developed a herd management plan, and has agreed to abide by the requirements of the testnegative component, and the herd has had negative screening test results on 30 second or higher lactation animals.
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For continuation of this classification, the herd owner must reapply with a copy of negative test results, an updated herd management plan, and an agreement to follow the testnegative component requirements. If a herd owner wishes to renew/advance but is waiting for conf~rrnation of screening test results and therefore cannot meet the 14-month deadline,
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B Approval process for laboratories performing official Johne's disease tests A laboratory seeking approval to perform official Johne's disease tests must contact NVSL for a test kit of 25 samples.
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Official Johne's disease tests 1. Fecal/tissue culture Culture is the standard for organismbased tests although culture methods are not currently standardized.
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USDA licensed Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) —All animals found positive in ELISA tests should be considered suspect until confirmed using an official Johne's disease test.
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· For these calculations, ELISA tests was assumed to have 25% sensitivity and fecal cultures was assumed to have 40% sensitivity (These were consensus estimates of the Herd Status Committee of the NJWG, USAHA for sub-clinically infected cows in first or higher lactation, and no changes were made for older populations sampled.) For these calculations, 100% test specificity of the ELISA and fecal culture was assumed (given follow-up of all ELISA positives with fecal culture)
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