Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-12
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In recent decades, concern has been growing about the apparent increase in the global prevalence of JD and the attendant animal health, economic, and trade implications. The recognition that the Map host range includes ruminant and nonruminant wildlife also has raised concerns.
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The National Johne's Disease Working Group (NJWG) of the United States Animal Health Association has implemented an educational program to increase awareness among livestock producers, developed a voluntary herd status program to encourage producers to rear JD-free herds, and has developed minimum standards for state JD control programs.
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CONCLUSION 1. JD is a significant animal health problem that warrants implementation of control programs tailored to specific animal species and specific segments of the agriculture industry.
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, which may be common to a number of infectious agents, rather than on the agent itself, a producer will be more likely to adopt a control practice because the incidental control of other agents will result in a greater return on the investment. While the committee strongly endorses a Best Management Practices approach to control, it felt that control programs should initially focus on JD to take advantage of growing support for control of the disease.
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RECOMMENDATION 1. An integrated, bottom-up approach to on-farm disease control is required that meets the needs of the livestock producer and motivates behavioral change, with support at broader industry, state, andfederal levels.
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This motivation may require feedback signals in the form of market price differentials established through testing of the farm product by the downstream purchaser. While control programs for dairy herds may be of highest priority, control programs for beef cattle, sheep, goats, and captive cervids should be developed and implemented.
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The issues also are complex enough to warrant the convening of a USDA expert panel to formulate consensus methods to address the research questions. The committee considered ongoing research to be important for the success of any control program and therefore felt that a research element should be integral to future program development.
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RECOMMENDATION 9. Results of diagnostic testing, control practices, and other epidemiologic data should be evaluated and used to answer remaining research questions and to refine and optimize control programs.
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Recent research in Australia suggests that pooling of sheep fecal samples could enable more cost-effective flock screening for control programs. This work should be repeated in the United States and expanded to include cattle.
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The Map genome sequencing project at USDA's National Animal Disease Center is nearing completion, and the committee strongly recommends the following: RECOMMENDATION 14. USDA and other agencies should seize the opportunity presented by the completion of the Map genome project to accelerate progress in JD research, diagnostic test improvement, and vaccine development.
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A blinded study should be done for the detection of Map and Map RNA-DNA in identical coded intestinal tissue samples sent to various laboratories using standardized methods for Map culture and detection. This will help clarify the degree to which conflicting research results have been the result of variations in methods versus operators.
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Those materials could include composted manure, fruits and vegetables' pastures, and crops fed to livestock. If a causal relationship is established between human Map infection and even a subset of Crohn's disease cases, the above research recommendations will be essential for implementation of new control programs aimed at protecting public health by minimizing exposure to Map.
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