Environmental Information for Naval Warfare (2003) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. Introduction and Overview
1. Introduction and Overview
Pages 12-33
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From page 12... ...
The team leader checks with the METOC officer and ascertains that the wave heights are averaging 3 feet from the southwest. He estimates the intercept can be made a few miles before the ship enters hostile waters if the boat averages 45 knots.
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U.S. Naval Forces carry out operations in the face of a complex set of challenges.
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In the METOC world, decisions regarding acceptable levels of uncertainty are often made years in advance by deliberations at the budget table or during weapons system design. Any analysis of the effectiveness of METOC information will lead to examination of a broad range of wartime and peacetime requirements and the recognition that perfect environmental knowledge (complete understanding of the processes shaping the environment)
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Navy makes a significant investment in and contributions to scientific efforts to understand fundamental METOC processes. National Weather Service Under the Army The evolution of the National Weather Service provides an interesting picture of who was most interested in weather forecasting.
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Army Signal Corps had the most robust communications network, it is no surprise that the original weather service developed under the Corps' direction. The obvious military advantages of accurately predicting the weather were not lost on Army tacticians.
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Naval Forces, personnel in the Marine Corps METOC community are not under his command. Thus, when this report uses the term "U.S.
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Tactical cruise missiles with ranges of over 1,000 miles place even greater demands on METOC personnel, who must forecast en route and target weather conditions hundreds of miles away and up to 90 minutes in advance. The most complex problem of all is the land-sea boundary, where amphibious operations are conducted.
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Navy doctrine groups naval missions into five domains (Department of the Navy, 1997a, 2000~. Four of these domains sea dominance (e.g., mine warfare, antisubmarine warfare, surface warfare)
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, deterrence (e.g., deterrence of both conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction) , and power projection (e.g., strike warfare, naval special warfare, amphibious warfare)
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Personnel and platforms involved in naval surface warfare, aviation strike warfare, special forces warfare, amphibious operations, submarine and antisubmarine warfare, and counter-mine warfare operations have certain minimum environmental thresholds. When environmental conditions fall below these thresholds, performance is degraded.
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. In 1993 the National Research Council released Coastal Oceanography and Littoral Warfare, which summarized lessons learned during a symposium on littoral warfare and highlighted a number of factors that affect naval operations (including mine warfare and amphibious warfare)
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The increased ability to measure these various environmental parameters, whether in situ or remotely, will impact future mission planning and operations in all theaters in which naval forces operate. These challenges span global application of on-scene data collection; remote sensing data collection; integration of data collected in real time with archived data; incorporation of collected and archived data into the naval METOC produc
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ORIGIN AND SCOPE OF STUDY The current METOC enterprise and its predecessor organizations have brought the U.S. Naval Forces high-quality environmental information that has served it well in peace and in war.
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The oceanographer is normally not an oceanographer or weather specialist but rather acts as a bridge from the operational world of U.S. Naval Forces to the world of naval METOC.
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For example, the Office of the Oceanographer' s research and development dollars are directed at systems acquisition managed through the Space and Naval Systems Command. Conversely, ONR directly supports some warfare commands, such as the Naval Special Warfare Command.
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Air Force to operate a Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the entire Pacific. METOC personnel are also stationed on ships and stations throughout the world under various type commanders who operate aircraft, ships, and sub
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The warfighting communities also fund this connectivity, and METOC officers must compete to obtain a significant portion of the communications "pipe." Fielding modern METOC capabilities is thus a complex, and at times divisive, decisionmaking process involving a variety of stakeholders with competing priorities. Over the years the METOC community has done remarkably well in making this process work.
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STUDY APPROACH AND REPORT ORGANIZATION It is a daunting task to develop insights and make useful recommendations for improving a process as complex and rooted in practical experience as naval METOC. Although the U.S.
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From page 33... ...
Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes and categorizes the Committee's findings and recommendations in a manner that reflects the degree to which each is readily exploitable given planned and ongoing activities related to METOC or battlespace awareness.5 It was impractical for the committee to be exposed to all the programs and systems currently being developed to support U.S. Naval Forces.
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