Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Disposal of Liquid Wastes from the Explosive Destruction System (2001) / Chapter Skim
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2 Description of EDS Treatment Processes and Liquid Waste Streams
2 Description of EDS Treatment Processes and Liquid Waste Streams
Pages 12-21
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From page 12... ...
The explosion containment vessel contains the explosive shock, fragments, and chemical agents during the explosive opening of the munition and also serves as a processing vessel for subsequent treatment of the chemical agent that was contained in the munition. The Army expects to fabricate three EDS-1 units.
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From page 13... ...
Detection limit was 1 mg/L on all VOCs. aThe higher detection lim~ts for sulfur mustard in the EDS tests at Porton Down reflect the GC/MS analytical procedure used by the Defence Evaluation ar~d Research Agency in the United Kingdom, which, along with contracted commercial laboratories, performed the neutralent analyses.
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From page 14... ...
N/A, not applicable; N/R, not reported; and N/D, not detected. Explosives detection limits at Porton Down: 50 mg/L for HMX, RDX, TNT, tetryl; 65 mg/L for nitrocellulose; 30 mg/L for nitroglycerin.
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From page 15... ...
Postcletonation Treatments ancl Liquicl Waste Streams After the contents of the munition have been released into the EDS vessel, a neutralizing reagent is introduced to destroy the chemical agent and any remaining energetics. The reagents used in the EDS-1 to neutralize three of the most common chemical munition fills sulfur mustard, phosgene, and sarin are shown in Table 2 4.2 2A complete list of proposed reagents for various chemical agents is provided in U.S.
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From page 16... ...
. 4Rotation of the EDS-2 containment vessel should improve mixing of the released chemical agent with the neutralizing reagents and thus could reduce the munition processing time, compared with the EDS-1.
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From page 17... ...
More detail on the EDS-1 waste compositions is provided in Tables 2- 1 to 2-3, along with the available data on the compositions of MMD neutralents.5 MMD and EDS neutralent component listings are not comparable because different sets of constituents were analyzed, the analysis detection limits were different, and the magnitude of operations/tests differed. As noted in Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, the analytical data are for neutralents from specific munition items.
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From page 18... ...
The explosives present in the munition7 could also produce a variety of compounds in the EDS-1 liquid waste streams that may need to be removed or destroyed by a subsequent treatment technology.8 If the munition fuze and burster charges are successfully detonated by the shaped charges, there may be little residual explosive remaining after the blast. If, on the other hand, the fuze and burster charges in the munition are not successfully detonated by the shaped charges, as may occur especially in older munitions,9 the energetics are likely to be hydrolyzed to a considerable extent by the MEA-water or sodium hydroxide-water reagent (NRC, 1999a, Appendix E)
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From page 19... ...
Alkaline reagents like aqueous sodium hydroxide hydrolyze the As-C1 chemical bonds in these compounds, thus reducing their toxicity, but do not necessarily destroy the organoarsenic structures. For the small number of munitions containing these agents, it may be most appropriate to treat the detonation products with aqueous sodium hydroxide reagent and then destroy the neutralent in a treatment unit or facility capable of substantially reducing the toxicity, mobility, and volume of the arsenic wastes.
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From page 20... ...
If, as discussed above, the fuze and/or burster in the munition are not successfully detonated by the conical shaped charges, hydrolysis products of energetics may be present in substantial concentrations in the neutralent. The neutralent chemical analysis data provided to the committee contained information on residual energetics (in general, they were not detected)
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From page 21... ...
In addition, any nonincineration posttreatment technologies used 21 by the Army to dispose of these liquid wastes must be able to destroy a wide variety of chemical species; i.e., they must be robust. This criterion, among others, is considered by the committee in its evaluation of the alternative secondary waste treatment technologies discussed in the next chapter.
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