Science and Technology for Army Homeland Security Report 1 (2003) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. U.S. Army Role in Homeland Security
1. U.S. Army Role in Homeland Security
Pages 23-40
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From page 23... ...
It is clear that the first to respond) to terrorist events will be the local civilian emergency responders, such as policemen and firemen.
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Army has three distinct components: . The active Army, · The Army National Guard (ARNG)
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from directly engaging in law enforcement activities such as search, seizure, arrest, and similar actions.2 PCA applies unless the Congress has specifically authorized such direct law enforcement actions by other statute or unless the emergency is of such significance that the President may exercise his direct executive authority under the Constitution.3 The PCA applies to Army active forces, to members of the USAR serving on active duty or active duty for training, and to the ARNG when in federal status. Importantly, the ARNG not in federal status serves at the direction of a state governor and may perform law enforcement functions consonant with the laws of the state.
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From page 26... ...
Army Homeland Security Operational Framework In anticipation of future "askings, the Army has developed a notional operational frameworks for HLS,5 consistent with the National Security Strategy, Operational framework refers to a plan that the Army would use to conduct whatever operation may be necessary in response to a terrorist attack 5The following definitions are provided from Greg sozek, Army war Plans Division, Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G3, briefing to the committee on May 15, 2002: · Homeland Security: The preparation for, prevention of, deterrence of, preemption of, defense against, and response to threats and aggressions directed towards u.s. territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and infrastructure; as well as crisis management, consequence management, and other domestic civil support.
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From page 27... ...
These missions extend across a continuum from pre-event to event to postevent and incorporate sequential tasks that is, deterrence, defense, crisis management, and consequence management.6 The President's announcement at the 2002 United States Military Academy commencement ceremony regarding preemptory strikes indicates that the model is still a work in progress. The committee views the missions of "defense of sovereign territory" as a traditional military warfighting mission and beyond its purview, although there are surely many technological developments that would be of interest.
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From page 28... ...
Circumstances involving the leveling of significant portions of cities and/or the use of WMD, with perhaps hundreds of thousands of casualties, could require the Army to assist in ways never before anticipated, both in support of civilian emergency responders and as an emergency responder on military installations. The size of the requirement for DoD support to special events (e.g., the Olympic Games and the Super Bowl)
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From page 29... ...
Finding 1-2. The Army National Guard, given its historical mission and flexibility, geographic dispersion, dual-mission capabilities, and frequent association with local agencies, is the key Army asset to meet homeland security demands and can be augmented as necessary with special capabilities from the Army Reserve and the active Army.
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From page 31... ...
Finding 1-3. There are many similarities between military operations involving allied or coalition forces and operations involving civilian emergency responders.
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The final transformation to the Objective Force, which begins in fiscal year 2008, will require many years of effort. The legacy force, in the meantime, will require sustainment and recapitalization to enhance its existing weapons, systems, and platforms to increasingly provide some of the Objective Force-like capabilities.
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From page 33... ...
Recovery and consequence management can be equated to conducting combat operations and redeployment. Assisting civilian emergency responders with the consequence management of a manmade disaster could be viewed as not much different than conducting coalition operations.
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By having preplanned task forces available, the Army will not only provide better assistance to civilian emergency responders but also will be able to perfect the required techniques by the time the technology associated with the Objective
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The committee draws attention to this implied task to give an example of the synergy between HLS and Objective Force missions. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ARMY The Army has traditionally taken care of its own needs for new technology.
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The Army National Guard homeland security role must be considered in the development of the Army Science and Technology Master Plan, and resources for these requirements applied as appropriate in developing the Department of the Army Master Priority List. SCENARIOS Threats are classified in terms of scenarios, the most common being CBRNE.
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From page 37... ...
The scope and nature of the scenarios tend to dictate both who the principal responders are and the functional capabilities required for dealing with the scenario. Thus, local civilian emergency responders will probably deal with a limited conventional attack, with support from other governmental levels as necessary.
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The study comments on the state of the technology and on the appropriateness of funding work in this area with Army S&T funds. In some cases it was found that S&T that was important to both the Army Objective Force and to HLS did not warrant the expenditure of Army S&T funding because other agencies or organizations have principal responsibility for that area and S&T funds are appropriated for the other agencies.
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From page 39... ...
Therefore C4ISR is an implied subarea in each task. Similarly, medical response is a major component of crisis response and must be a part of the discussion on recovery and consequence management.
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From page 40... ...
is of supreme importance and will apply to a greater or lesser extent in each of the four operational areas in both homeland security and the Objective Force. SUMMARY In conclusion, the committee believes that the S&T required by the Army for HLS need not be unique.
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