Science and Technology for Army Homeland Security Report 1 (2003) / Chapter Skim
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3. Denial and Survivability Technologies
3. Denial and Survivability Technologies
Pages 70-91
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From page 70... ...
in transit domestically. "Denial of an attack," as used herein, refers to measures taken to prevent or otherwise thwart an intended terrorist attack, whether by preventing access through physical means (e.g., guards or barriers)
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From page 71... ...
The desired attributes of the physical security functions are in listed Box 3-1. {Providing adequate full-time protection for the dams, levees, bridges, tunnels, critical infrastructure, and Army structures will pose the challenge of balancing cost and public acceptability with available resources.
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From page 72... ...
Tools to quickly identify unknown, unauthorized individuals using national law enforcement and intelligence databases need to be deployed to where the identification must take place. There is a need for an ability to search an integrated, seamless, real-time
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From page 73... ...
Damage to a Building's Structure Recent terrorist attacks against commercial buildings dramatically illustrate the influence of bomb placement and building design on the nature and extent of direct structural damage. Detonation of weapons inside or outside these buildings results in air-blast loadings that disintegrate the relatively weak front face slabs and curtain walls and/or damage columns through direct loading and partial transfer of the loads from the weak slabs.
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From page 76... ...
Also, the fire-suppression system would likely be made inoperable, since it is exposed and very fragile. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing was, unfortunately, a good example of these observations: Extensive damage occurred to communications, life-safety, electrical, and mechanical systems; the emergency generator plant shut down 2The offices were unoccupied at the time of the explosion (around midnight)
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From page 77... ...
Elevators are likely to be occupied throughout the day, and persons may be trapped within them, as a result of either damage to the elevator shaft or hoists or the loss of power or controls. In the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the north tower air locks were destroyed, and smoke and dust-laden air were forced to the upper floors, accounting for most of the more than 1,000 personal injuries (NRC, 1995~.
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From page 78... ...
Design of New Facilities A series of manuals exists for the design of new facilities subjected to the kinds of threats described above.5 These manuals include charts and/or fastrunning computer codes to forecast the threat environments, including blast, fragments, and ground shock. Retrofit of Existing Facilities The retrofit of existing buildings presents a different challenge to the designer because of the many constraints imposed by the need to retain a building's functionality while retrofitting is occurnng.
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From page 79... ...
Standard retrofit procedures consider the introduction of additional strength, ductility, redundancy, and mass and the replacement of weak structural components. They can include the enhancement of support conditions through better connections, span reduction, the strengthening of exterior facades such as curtain walls, the strengthening of interior partitions, and the installation of windows and doors with better blast resistance and seals.
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From page 80... ...
The USACE is the logical choice to facilitate a continuing technology development and transfer effort because of its long involvement in both research and development, and in developing design guidance for architects and engineers. The USACE and its Omaha District Protective Design Center are also participating in DARPA's Immune Building Program.
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From page 84... ...
This should include research and testing of common building materials, assemblies, equipment, and associated designs applicable to the blast-resistant design of critical nonstructural, life-safety, building subsystems. Techniques and products for the retrofit of existing buildings to protect against multiple hazards such as earthquakes, extreme wind events, fire, and flood, as well as blast effects, should be developed.
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From page 85... ...
Future terrorist incidents in the United States could attempt any of these. Institutions from financial to medical would have serious problems in the event of massive loss of data or of reasonably rapid network access to it, but neither protection against this nor remediation if it happens fall within the Army's jurisdiction.
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From page 86... ...
The additional functionality that can be obtained by interconnecting units frequently leads to the addition of network interconnections or unauthorized access. For example, the committee learned of executives who connect their office phones to computer modems so they can work from home, thereby providing an opportunity for access by others.7 Some systems provide for progressive shutdown of connections as the perceived threat level increases.
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From page 87... ...
Clearly the Army must work with other interested parties to achieve the maximum level of protection. Document P of the National Infrastructure Assurance Plan (~Planning Guidance to Assist in the Development of the Response Functional Plan)
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From page 90... ...
In light of the aforementioned conclusion, the committee asserts as follows: Recommendation 3-5a. Whether through the Army National Guard or active or reserve Army units, the Army should play a major role in providing emergency command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR)
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From page 91... ...
1998. National Infrastructure Assurance Plan, Document P: Planning Guidance to Assist in the Development of the Response Functional Plan.
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