Materials Science and Technology Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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3. Interfaces
3. Interfaces
Pages 28-36
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From page 28... ...
Developing materials that can be implanted in the body and remain for many years without adverse effects requires understanding of the biological processes that occur around the material and reactions that may occur once implanted in the body, especially if they can have harmful consequences. For example, this type of detailed knowledge has led to the development of special-purpose metal alloys and polymer coatings to prevent the body from rejecting prosthetic bone replacements.
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From page 29... ...
Materials research in the biomedical field has included extensive work on new materials for medical diagnostics, particularly medical sensors. Strainedlayer semiconductor superlattices allow scientists to tailor the electrical and optical properties to design materials and devices with targeted properties.
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From page 30... ...
The identification of appropriate combinations of materials in a composite and the optimization of the processing conditions needed to give optimal properties require a detailed understanding of the chemical processes that govern the synthesis route. In the future, structural materials will incorporate sensing, reporting, and even healing functions into the body of the material.
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From page 31... ...
As these various components of our national security apparatus remain in service long beyond their original design life, concern increases about subtle changes in their chemical and structural nature. In order to understand these changes and their implications, it is critical to have the analytical tools and chemical knowledge that allow us to understand the chemical reactions that take place under realistic service conditions.
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From page 34... ...
Catalytic conversion, which allows the conversion of environmentally harmful chemicals in exhaust streams to relatively benign ones, has already had a dramatic impact on local environmental quality while enabling us to increase our reliance on internal combustion engines. Life-cycle engineering, in which the waste stream is minimized from the production of an initial material to the eventual reclamation and recycling of the product, is becoming widespread in Europe and is attracting increased interest throughout the world.
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From page 35... ...
, clean food-processing conditions, and the development of new generations of packaging materials and technologies. Future developments may include the incorporation of sensors into packaging materials to indicate spoilage or unsafe storage conditions.
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From page 36... ...
For example, the problem of developing protein templates draws on the ability of chemists to perform complex syntheses on many different scales. The chemical sciences have had significant impact on advances at the scientific interface, including research into the superparamagnetic effect that has led to a higher storage density as well as advances in micro- and nanofabrication that have enabled the development of new materials.
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