Skip to main content

Materials Science and Technology Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

1. Context and Overview
Pages 9-17

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 9...
... Thus, for many materials, the differentiation between materials science and chemistry is blurred in a similar fashion to the manner in which chemistry and biology for many applications has become blurred (in the development of pharmaceuticals, for example)
Read the entire page →
From page 10...
... The broad goal of engineering the surfaces of materials to interface with biological systems, has led to breakthroughs such as the DacronTM heart patch, the heart valve, and the tricuspid valve. Other advances in this area include the use of materials for replacement joints and new fabrics for tissue growth, including artificial skin.
Read the entire page →
From page 11...
... One area of particular difficulty is using nanotubes for electronic devices. Ideally, carbon nanotubes are unique, low-dimensional conductors with either metallic or semiconducting properties.
Read the entire page →
From page 12...
... 2 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FIGURE 1.1 Contact of a heated cantilever tip with a thin polymer film to create a nanoscopic indentation. (Figure courtesy of IBM.)
Read the entire page →
From page 13...
... Both aggregates are complex composite conductors incorporating many weakly coupled nanotubes, each having a different electronic structure. This complexity remains the primary difficulty in both understanding and developing nanotube-based electronic devices.2 Regardless, work on these 2P.G.
Read the entire page →
From page 14...
... rather than electrons. One of the major benefits in a change to photonics would be vastly increased bandwidth compared to electronic transmission.
Read the entire page →
From page 15...
... The opportunities in this area are simply enormous. Just as semiconductors exclude electron propagation for certain energy bands and thus allow for the construction of circuits, photonic band gap materialscrystalline structures that exclude light transmission in all directions for specific wavelength ranges are being developed in an attempt to build so-called circuits of light.3 Photonic band gap materials are engineered three-dimensional diffraction gratings with interesting properties.
Read the entire page →
From page 16...
... In turn, this has generated much work in the area of active organic electronic components and various assembly modes that avoid photolithography. As a consequence of innovations in integrated circuitry, demand, and investment, the number of transistors produced is also rising exponentially (now 10~8 per year)
Read the entire page →
From page 17...
... Basic and applied materials science is not solely an outgrowth of ceramics, metallurgy, and automobile manufacturing, but instead is interdisciplinary. It combines chemistry, physics, biology, and other sciences.
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • storage capacity
  • electronic devices
  • carbon nanotubes
  • band gap
  • recently developed

  • technological developments
  • photonic band
  • silicon technology
  • increasing functionality
  • bioengineered species

  • critical dimensions
  • semiconductors exclude
  • electronic transmission
  • breakthroughs relate
  • tunable electromagnetic

  • diffraction gratings
  • exclude electron
  • carefully controlled
  • cost calculation
  • portable devices

  • artificial skin
  • polymer synthesis
  • ninth foresight
  • manipulate materials
  • twenty times

  • impact existing
  • nanoscale integrated
  • primary difficulty
  • semiconducting properties
  • replacement chips


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.