Materials Science and Technology Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-7
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For example, high speed computer chips and solid state lasers are complex, three-dimensional composite materials built by organizing chemical entities with nanometer precision through the application of synthesis procedures. As advances on materials continue, chemical resolution on the nanometer scale will be required.
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New advances are being made in organic-based electronics that might be useful in a variety of applications, including large-area displays, memories, sensors, and identification tags. Three-dimensional photonic crystals with complete photonic band gaps at optical telecommunication wavelengths are expected to result in revolutionary optically integrated photonic circuits for computers and telecommunication systems.
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A diverse portfolio of interdisciplinary research efforts directed toward discovery of new materials systems is likely to produce significant advances in this field. Finding: Renewed and expanded emphasis on synthesis, catalysis, and processing methods will be essential to continuing advances in materials science and technology.
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The modern chip fabrication facility is essentially a chemical factory in which simple molecular materials are transformed into complex threedimensional composites with specific electronic functionality through the use of chemical processes such as photoresist, chemical vapor deposition, and plasma etching. Two exciting future directions are the migration of electronic and optical organic materials and realization of analogous control of light via photonic lat
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Dramatic progress will be required on many fronts, including materials chemistry, to achieve both improved quality of life and improved environmental quality. Life cycle engineering, the process of reducing excess waste throughout the production process, will require the development of environmentally benign materials as well as the development of sustainable processing and disposal methods.
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Effective investment in both instruments and maintenance, particularly in regional cooperation for instrument use, will help to limit redundancies in local research capabilities and ultimately may save money for the universities and businesses involved. Basic research, applied research, development, and demonstration play a role at all levels in the development of new materials.
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Great care must be exerted to ensure that truly novel, high-risk, yet high-quality works are supported at the federal level. Finding: Instrumentation has always played an important role in materials research, and new tools for fabrication and analysis will continue to move the field forward.
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