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Novel Approaches to Carbon Management Separation, Capture, Sequestration, and Conversion to Useful Products: Workshop Report (2003) / Chapter Skim
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4 Advanced Geochemical Methods for Sequestering Carbon
Pages 14-19

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From page 14...
... Research Areas Research is needed on chemical methods to accelerate the natural weathering process by which minerals form carbonates. Following are specific questions that need to be addressed: 5 Could low-cost chemical methods be used to ``pretreat', silicate minerals in order to facilitate the removal of metal ions and speed up the carbonation reactions?
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From page 15...
... In this context, biological processes would! not leach the bulk of the alkaline source rock but would be used to mechanically decompose rock particles, increasing surface area and thereby increasing the rate at which subsequent processing could dissolve rock and make carbonates.
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From page 16...
... Microbial carbonate formation can be coupled to biologically mediated metal ion extraction from silicate minerals to provide one possible pathway for CO2 immobilization. Potential benefits to microbial carbonation reactions include increasing carbonation reaction rates as well as increasing the presence of chemical factors that could help solubilize the carbonate after formation, so that the microbes can keep the surface of the silicate minerals free for farther weathering reactions.
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From page 17...
... Research Areas Research is needed to unclerstanct the chemistry involved in the carbonation reaction in iron and microbes and how it might help increase the rate and/or lower the cost of forming iron carbonates. 6 Following are specific questions that need to be addressed: What conditions are required to enhance the thermodynamics and kinetics for forming stable iron carbonates?
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From page 18...
... Soils Natural weathering rates are limited by, among other factors, the exposed surface area of chemically reactive rock. Weathenng reactions might be accelerated simply by adding suitable alkaline rocks in powdered form to agncultural soils.
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From page 19...
... Such research should enable crude prediction of how weathering rates depend on the size and pretreatment of the base rock, on the kind of soil, and on the means of application of the alkaline minerals. · To increase understanding of the fate of metal ions leached into soils.
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Key Terms

  • metal ions
  • carbonation reactions
  • carbonation reaction
  • natural weathering
  • biologically mediated

  • top seal
  • weathering rates
  • suitable alkaline
  • form carbonates
  • alkaline minerals

  • weathering reactions
  • chemical methods
  • weathering process
  • iron carbonation
  • oxidation state

  • producing acid
  • magnesium silicate
  • weathering processes
  • stable carbonate
  • captured directly

  • aspects involved
  • adsorbent transport
  • bacteria act
  • key locations
  • exposed surface

  • processes allows
  • inherent risks
  • alkaline rock
  • dispersed sources
  • liberating free


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