Novel Approaches to Carbon Management Separation, Capture, Sequestration, and Conversion to Useful Products: Workshop Report (2003) / Chapter Skim
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5 Novel Niches
5 Novel Niches
Pages 20-25
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From page 20... ...
An enhanced understanding of the carbon cycle would offer the potential for advances in carbon flux manipulation that would improve opportunities for terrestrial and marine carbon sequestration. The wide-ranging discussions of the Novel Niches sessions were organized in four areas in which there appear to be opportunities for carbon management if breakthroughs, improved scientific understanding, and new technology applications are developed.
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From page 21... ...
· Recent advances in modern biology, including advances in genomic sciences, provide new and promising approaches for enhancing biomass production, enhancing biomass processing, and producing novel products. Research Opportunities Areas in which research presents opportunities for breakthroughs in biomass management include the following: There is the opportunity to capitalize on advances in genomic science to develop a basic understanding of the biology of plants, which could lead to the development of approaches that will have a significant impact on biomass production.
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From page 22... ...
CATALYTIC AND/OR PHOTOIJYTIC REDUCTION OF CO2 The basic notion of catalytic and/or photolytic reduction of CO2 is to use inorganic catalysis or photosynthetic processes, possibly including photoelectric effects, to directly recluce CO2 and water to form fuels such as methane (which could be used as fuel for heating and/or transportation) or higher-value carbon compounds (e.g., methanol, ketones, aldehycles, and acids)
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From page 23... ...
. Inorganic catalysis studies leacling to the right combination of materials and surface interactions to accomplish CO2 reduction while supplying the necessary energy input at the surface and not in the bulk phase, and application of nanotechnology surface construction techniques to achieve sufficient selectivity; Devices that have low capital cost that capture sunlight energy and simultaneously channel that energy only to the catalytic surface; Prevention of reoxidation of the produced hydrocarbon back to CO2 in the presence of the coproduced oxygen; and Photosynthetic microbial fixation of CO2 at the surface with production of hydrocarbons, followed by subsurface sequestration of waste biomass through nucleation of metal carbonates.
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From page 24... ...
reduction biocatalysts composed of multiple enzymes using protein fusion technologies; and Investigation of opportunities offered by genomics and proteomics to improve microbial processes. TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES There are niche opportunities to diversify and improve major technologies for CO2 management.
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From page 25... ...
There are methods that should be explored, including flue gas biofiltration or advanced CO2 hydrate formation. (Also see Chapter 2, "Advanced Separations Techniques.")
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