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From page 269... ... , 47, 116, 163, 166, 175, 188, 189 Bermuda Rules, see International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing Best practices, 4, 194 Bioinformatics see also Databases cancer research, 23 cooperative agreements, 122-123 definition of large-scale research, 17, 23 Human Genome Project, 34, 35 Human Proteome Organization, 71 small- vs large-scale research, 2,18 Read the entire page →
From page 270... ... , 53, 101,103,105,196 Pathogen Functional Genomics Research Center, 9 reagents, 198-199 Cooperative agreements, 66, 68,101,103, 105, 110, 112, 122-123 Cooperative Extension Services, 223 Cost-benefit factors, 6,18-19, 25, 85, 254, 264 see also Economic factors; Funding grant application process, 125 Human Genome Project, 33, 38, 40, 80, 81 patent pools, 173 Protein Structure Initiative, 58, 61 reagents, 5, 8, 9, 199 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Consortium, 70 small- vs large-scale research, 2, 3,19, 20, 80, 81 student researchers, 26-27 Women's Health Initiative, 63 D Data sharing, 13, 27-28, 184-191,198 see also Intellectual property; Internet; Technology transfer Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4647 high-energy particle physics, 263 National Institutes of Health, general, 7, 8-10, 186-191, 198 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 9, 61-62,198 reagents, 5, 8, 9, 62, 78,198-199 Weather Service, 224-225 Databases see also Bioinformatics; Internet Alliance for Cellular Signaling, 56 confidentiality and consent, 62,183-184 definition of large-scale research, 17, 20, 24 genomics, 21-22, 46, 47 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 intellectual property, 182-183, 186 confidentiality and consent, 62, 183-184 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53 Read the entire page →
From page 271... ... Index NIH funding, general, 95 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61-62 patient, general, 24, 52, 183-184 professional career tracking, 158-159 Protein Structure Initiative, 60-61 specimen banks, 24, 183-184 Decision making, 14, 24, 135, 138 see also Funding; Organization and management Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 29, 74-77, 78, 129 funding, 75-76, 77 Definitional issues see also Models and modeling bioinformatics, 17, 23 biomarkers, 22, 23-24 genomics, 35 intellectual property, 162, 164 large-scale research, 2, 3, 14, 15, 17-28 proteomics, 22 small-scale research, 17, 18, 19 structural biology, 22 Department of Agriculture, 4, 90, 195, 218 Land Grant College Acts, 222-223 Department of Commerce, 224, 242 Department of Defense, 4, 42, 88, 91, 194, 229, 240 see also Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Department of Education, 91 Department of Energy, 4, 194-195, 240241, 263 Atomic Energy Commission, 232, 233, 240-241 funding, general, 87, 88, 91, 122-123 Human Genome Project, 14, 31, 33, 3435 National Laboratories, 8, 73-74, 122123, 136, 139, 198, 230-232, 241242, 246, 254, 255, 256-257, 263 organization and management, 134-135 Department of Health and Human Services, 91-92, 94, 185, 190 see also National Institutes of Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 44, 64 Food and Drug Administration, 43, 44 Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 42 Department of Justice, 172, 185 271 Department of the Interior, see Geological Survey Department of the Treasury, 220 Department of Veterans Affairs, 55, 92-93 Developmental Therapeutics Program, 4243 Diagnostics biomarkers, 23-24 definitional issues, 23-24 National Cancer Institute, general, 104 Unconventional Innovations Program, 49, 77 Discovery science, 1, 192, 201 Drugs, see Pharmaceutical industry DuPont, 168 E Early Detection Research Network, 4748, 113 Economic factors, 264, 265 see also Cost-benefit factors; Employment and personnel issues; Funding; Intellectual property; Private sector Education and training, see Professional education; Universities and colleges Employment and personnel issues, 26-27, 140-161, 255-263 see also Organization and management; Professional education Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 41 databases, career tracking, 158-159 graduate students, 7, 26, 60, 65, 66, 130, 131, 136, 145, 151-152, 157158, 237-238, 261 historical perspectives, training and career paths, 141-145, 148-153, 156 Human Genome Project, career tracking, 158-159 non-tenure track scientists, 73, 140, 151, 157 occupational diseases, 43 postdoctoral scientists/fellows, 26, 60, 65, 107, 130, 131, 141, 142, 145, 148-154, 157-158, 160, 261 foreign, 150-151 historical perspectives, 242, 258 Read the entire page →
From page 272... ... scientists, 36, 130, 140, 155, 157, 159, 160, 260 training grants, 151-153 recruitment and retention, general, 8, 42, 197-198 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 staffing, general, 5, 7, 26, 65, 140-161, 251-252 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 trainees, 7, 26, 140-161 Energy Reorganization Act, 241 Environmental Protection Agency, 93, 100 Epidemiology Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 43 Early Detection Research Network, 47 National Cancer Institute, funding applications, 112 patient databases, 24 Ethical issues, 64 genome research, 34, 35, 36(n.2) peer review, 109 European Communities databases, intellectual property protections, 182-183 Human Genome Project, 34 European Organization for Nuclear Research, 242-243 Evaluation and assessment, 6, 83-85, 195 see also Peer review advisory committees, 2, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57, 60, 61, 78-79, 86, 92, 100-101, 134, 193, 233, 234-235, 240, 243, 248, 256 intellectual property, 186-187, 190 Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 4344 federal funding, general, 83-84 funding sources, 25 National Institutes of Health, 6, 62-64, 195, 196-197, 198 organization and management, 25-26, 131-133, 197-198 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 Expressed sequence tag, 37-38, 177 Index F Federal Advisory Committee Act, 86 Federal funding, general, 3, 4, 6, 10, 25, 29, 80-115, 127, 218, 263-264 see also Contracting and contracts; Grants; "funding" under specific federal departments and agencies Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 41, 42 cooperative agreements, 66, 68, 101, 103, 105, 110, 112, 122-123 earth sciences, 223-225, 231, 233-234, 239 Geological Survey, 226 high-energy particle physics, 231, 247249, 252 historical perspectives, 82-83, 222-223, 226, 229-265 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 273... ... Human Genome Project, 31-39 Land Grant Colleges, 222-223 Manhattan Project, 235-238, 241 National Cancer Institute, 29, 40-54, 82-83, 232-233 National Institutes of Health, 6, 33-39 (passim) , 63, 82, 227-228 Naval Research Laboratory, 228-229 nonprofit organizations, 124 organization and management, 131, 251-257 patents, 163, 164-165, 168, 172, 230 small-scale research, 1, 12, 132, 192 technological innovations, 30, 31, 218265 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 274... ... Consortium, 68 Interdisciplinary approaches, see Multidisciplinary approaches International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 6465 International collaboration, 14, 125-126, 127, 195, 252, 253 definition of large-scale research, 19 Early Detection Research Network, 48 federal funding criteria, general, 85 genomics, 3, 34, 69, 193 Human Proteome Organization, 70-71 Protein Structure Initiative, 59 International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (HapMap) , 3, 69, 193 International perspectives, general federal funding benchmarks, 87 funding, 115-116, 117, 119, 125-126, 127 genomics, 3, 34, 69, 178, 193 postdoctoral scientists in U.S., 150-151 Read the entire page →
From page 275... ... scientists, 155-157, 160 Merck, 54, 56, 117 Minority groups foreign postdoctoral scientists in U.S., 150-151 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 Models and modeling, general, 9, 14, 15, 20-24, 29-79 see also Animal models; Computer applications; Definitional issues; National Laboratories; Organization and managment; specific large-scale projects biomarkers, 23-24 high-energy particle physics, 17, 20, 27, 29, 36, 83, 126, 131, 213-218, 230-232 industrial research, 26, 136-139 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 Morril Act, 82 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-52, 114 Multidisciplinary approaches, 3, 4, 8, 13, 78, 135, 198, 252 Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4546 definition of large-scale research, 17, 18, 20, 25-26 funding, general, 80 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-51 National Cancer Policy Board, 15 National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 54-61 National Institutes of Health, 139 small- vs large-scale research, 2, 18 Specialized Programs of Research Excellence, 52-53 Unconventional Innovations Program, 49 Vaccine Research Center, 65 Read the entire page →
From page 276... ... , 53, 101, 103, 105, 196 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and, 76 Early Detection Research Network, 4748, 113 funding, 40-53 (passim) , 65, 73, 82, 98, 99-105, 111-114, 128, 233 historical perspectives, 29, 40-54, 8283, 232-233 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-52, 114 National Cancer Act, 99 National Cancer Institute Act, 232-233 preventive interventions, 104, 105 Specialized Programs of Research Excellence, 52-53 Unconventional Innovations Program, 48-50, 77, 195 Vaccine Research Center, 65 National Cancer Institute Act, 232- 233 National Cancer Policy Board, 14-15, 95, 96 National Defense Research Committee, 234-235 National Human Genome Research Institute, 32, 69(n.40) Read the entire page →
From page 277... ... , 115, 124, 125 Non-tenure track scientists, 73, 140, 151, 171 o Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 92 Office for Civil Rights, 185 Office of Management and Budget, 87-88, 94 Office of Naval Research, 239-240 Office of Science and Technology Policy, 131, 243, 248 Office of Scientific Research and Defense, 234-235 Office of Technology and Industrial Relations, 48 Office of Technology Assessment, 32, 248 Organization and management, 5, 6, 7-8, 13, 77-78, 130-138, 251-257 see also Contracting and contracts; Employment and personnel issues; Funding; International collaboration; Multidisciplinary approaches; Professional education Advanced Photon Source, 73-74 277 advisory committees, 2, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57, 60, 61, 78-79, 86, 92, 100-101, 134, 193, 233, 234-235, 240, 243, 248, 256 intellectual property, 186-187, 190 Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 4143 Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4546 Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 4344 decision making, 14, 24, 135, 138 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 74-77 definition of large-scale research, 19, 25-26 Department of Energy, 134-135 Early Detection Research Network, 4748 education for, 7, 26, 27,130,197, 255 evaluation and assessment, 6 federal funding, general, 83-94 historical perspectives, 131, 251-257 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7173 Human Genome Project, 33-36 Human Proteome Organization, 70-71 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 51-52 National Cancer Institute, 99-105, 111113 National Cancer Policy Board, 14-15, 95,96 National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 54-61 National Institutes of Health, general, 95-99, 105-115, 134, 188, 193, 194, 195-196 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61-62 Protein Structure Initiative, 57-61 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66-67 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Consortium, 67-70 small- vs large-scale research, 131-134 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 278... ... scientists, 155-157, 160 Ph.D. scientists, 36, 130, 140, 155, 157, 159, 160, 260 training grants, 151-153 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 190 President's Science Advisor, 243 President's Science Advisory Committee, 243, 256 Preventive interventions, 63, 64 hormone replacement therapy, 62, 63 National Cancer Institute, general, 104, 105 occupational diseases, 43 vaccines, 64-65, 71 Privacy, see Confidentiality and consent Private funding, 10, 24, 82, 115-125, 250 see also Nonprofit organizations genomics, 117-123 Human Genome Project, 14, 36-37, 39,117,181 HIV/AIDS, 64-65 intellectual property issues, 27-28 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 pharmaceutical industry, 115-116, 119 proteomics, 96 university/industry cooperation, 1011, 54, 66, 67, 165, 198, 200-201, 252 Private sector, see Industry; Private funding Professional education, 13, 15, 140-161, 257-263 see also Universities and colleges funding, general, 87 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 Manhattan Project, 237-238 organization and management training, 7, 26, 27, 130, 197, 255 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61 Science and Technology Centers Program, 65-67 training grants, 151-153 Program announcements, 53, 86, 111, 114, 128-129, 176 Protein Data Bank, 60 Read the entire page →
From page 279... ... Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 Human Genome Project, 31, 36, 37-38 Human Proteome Organization, 71 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 51, 52 NIH funding, general, 95 Protein Structure Initiative, 58 Unconventional Innovations Program, 48-50, 77, 195 Technology transfer, 10, 184-190 see also Data sharing; Databases; Intellectual property; Internet Read the entire page →
From page 280... ... , 179, 184, 185-186, 191 postdoctoral scientists/fellows, 26, 60, 65, 107, 130, 131, 141, 142, 145, 148-154, 157-158, 160, 261 recruitment and retention, 8, 26-27, 197-198 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 undergraduate students, 66, 237, 259, 262, 263 Universities Research Association, 256257 V Vaccine Research Center, 65 Vaccines, 64-65, 71 Viruses, 40 Cancer Virus Program, 4445 HIV/AIDS, 45, 64-65 W Weather Service, 223-225 Wellcome Trust, 32, 39, 69(n.41) , 115, 124, 125 Women's Health Initiative, 62-64 World Wide Web, see Internet Read the entire page →

From page 269...

... , 47, 116, 163, 166, 175, 188, 189 Bermuda Rules, see International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing Best practices, 4, 194 Bioinformatics see also Databases cancer research, 23 cooperative agreements, 122-123 definition of large-scale research, 17, 23 Human Genome Project, 34, 35 Human Proteome Organization, 71 small- vs large-scale research, 2,18

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From page 270...

... , 53, 101,103,105,196 Pathogen Functional Genomics Research Center, 9 reagents, 198-199 Cooperative agreements, 66, 68,101,103, 105, 110, 112, 122-123 Cooperative Extension Services, 223 Cost-benefit factors, 6,18-19, 25, 85, 254, 264 see also Economic factors; Funding grant application process, 125 Human Genome Project, 33, 38, 40, 80, 81 patent pools, 173 Protein Structure Initiative, 58, 61 reagents, 5, 8, 9, 199 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Consortium, 70 small- vs large-scale research, 2, 3,19, 20, 80, 81 student researchers, 26-27 Women's Health Initiative, 63 D Data sharing, 13, 27-28, 184-191,198 see also Intellectual property; Internet; Technology transfer Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4647 high-energy particle physics, 263 National Institutes of Health, general, 7, 8-10, 186-191, 198 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 9, 61-62,198 reagents, 5, 8, 9, 62, 78,198-199 Weather Service, 224-225 Databases see also Bioinformatics; Internet Alliance for Cellular Signaling, 56 confidentiality and consent, 62,183-184 definition of large-scale research, 17, 20, 24 genomics, 21-22, 46, 47 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 intellectual property, 182-183, 186 confidentiality and consent, 62, 183-184 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53

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From page 271...

... Index NIH funding, general, 95 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61-62 patient, general, 24, 52, 183-184 professional career tracking, 158-159 Protein Structure Initiative, 60-61 specimen banks, 24, 183-184 Decision making, 14, 24, 135, 138 see also Funding; Organization and management Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 29, 74-77, 78, 129 funding, 75-76, 77 Definitional issues see also Models and modeling bioinformatics, 17, 23 biomarkers, 22, 23-24 genomics, 35 intellectual property, 162, 164 large-scale research, 2, 3, 14, 15, 17-28 proteomics, 22 small-scale research, 17, 18, 19 structural biology, 22 Department of Agriculture, 4, 90, 195, 218 Land Grant College Acts, 222-223 Department of Commerce, 224, 242 Department of Defense, 4, 42, 88, 91, 194, 229, 240 see also Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Department of Education, 91 Department of Energy, 4, 194-195, 240241, 263 Atomic Energy Commission, 232, 233, 240-241 funding, general, 87, 88, 91, 122-123 Human Genome Project, 14, 31, 33, 3435 National Laboratories, 8, 73-74, 122123, 136, 139, 198, 230-232, 241242, 246, 254, 255, 256-257, 263 organization and management, 134-135 Department of Health and Human Services, 91-92, 94, 185, 190 see also National Institutes of Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 44, 64 Food and Drug Administration, 43, 44 Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 42 Department of Justice, 172, 185 271 Department of the Interior, see Geological Survey Department of the Treasury, 220 Department of Veterans Affairs, 55, 92-93 Developmental Therapeutics Program, 4243 Diagnostics biomarkers, 23-24 definitional issues, 23-24 National Cancer Institute, general, 104 Unconventional Innovations Program, 49, 77 Discovery science, 1, 192, 201 Drugs, see Pharmaceutical industry DuPont, 168 E Early Detection Research Network, 4748, 113 Economic factors, 264, 265 see also Cost-benefit factors; Employment and personnel issues; Funding; Intellectual property; Private sector Education and training, see Professional education; Universities and colleges Employment and personnel issues, 26-27, 140-161, 255-263 see also Organization and management; Professional education Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 41 databases, career tracking, 158-159 graduate students, 7, 26, 60, 65, 66, 130, 131, 136, 145, 151-152, 157158, 237-238, 261 historical perspectives, training and career paths, 141-145, 148-153, 156 Human Genome Project, career tracking, 158-159 non-tenure track scientists, 73, 140, 151, 157 occupational diseases, 43 postdoctoral scientists/fellows, 26, 60, 65, 107, 130, 131, 141, 142, 145, 148-154, 157-158, 160, 261 foreign, 150-151 historical perspectives, 242, 258

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From page 272...

... scientists, 36, 130, 140, 155, 157, 159, 160, 260 training grants, 151-153 recruitment and retention, general, 8, 42, 197-198 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 staffing, general, 5, 7, 26, 65, 140-161, 251-252 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 trainees, 7, 26, 140-161 Energy Reorganization Act, 241 Environmental Protection Agency, 93, 100 Epidemiology Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 43 Early Detection Research Network, 47 National Cancer Institute, funding applications, 112 patient databases, 24 Ethical issues, 64 genome research, 34, 35, 36(n.2) peer review, 109 European Communities databases, intellectual property protections, 182-183 Human Genome Project, 34 European Organization for Nuclear Research, 242-243 Evaluation and assessment, 6, 83-85, 195 see also Peer review advisory committees, 2, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57, 60, 61, 78-79, 86, 92, 100-101, 134, 193, 233, 234-235, 240, 243, 248, 256 intellectual property, 186-187, 190 Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 4344 federal funding, general, 83-84 funding sources, 25 National Institutes of Health, 6, 62-64, 195, 196-197, 198 organization and management, 25-26, 131-133, 197-198 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 Expressed sequence tag, 37-38, 177 Index F Federal Advisory Committee Act, 86 Federal funding, general, 3, 4, 6, 10, 25, 29, 80-115, 127, 218, 263-264 see also Contracting and contracts; Grants; "funding" under specific federal departments and agencies Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 41, 42 cooperative agreements, 66, 68, 101, 103, 105, 110, 112, 122-123 earth sciences, 223-225, 231, 233-234, 239 Geological Survey, 226 high-energy particle physics, 231, 247249, 252 historical perspectives, 82-83, 222-223, 226, 229-265 (passim)

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From page 273...

... Human Genome Project, 31-39 Land Grant Colleges, 222-223 Manhattan Project, 235-238, 241 National Cancer Institute, 29, 40-54, 82-83, 232-233 National Institutes of Health, 6, 33-39 (passim) , 63, 82, 227-228 Naval Research Laboratory, 228-229 nonprofit organizations, 124 organization and management, 131, 251-257 patents, 163, 164-165, 168, 172, 230 small-scale research, 1, 12, 132, 192 technological innovations, 30, 31, 218265 (passim)

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From page 274...

... Consortium, 68 Interdisciplinary approaches, see Multidisciplinary approaches International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 6465 International collaboration, 14, 125-126, 127, 195, 252, 253 definition of large-scale research, 19 Early Detection Research Network, 48 federal funding criteria, general, 85 genomics, 3, 34, 69, 193 Human Proteome Organization, 70-71 Protein Structure Initiative, 59 International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (HapMap) , 3, 69, 193 International perspectives, general federal funding benchmarks, 87 funding, 115-116, 117, 119, 125-126, 127 genomics, 3, 34, 69, 178, 193 postdoctoral scientists in U.S., 150-151

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From page 275...

... scientists, 155-157, 160 Merck, 54, 56, 117 Minority groups foreign postdoctoral scientists in U.S., 150-151 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66 Models and modeling, general, 9, 14, 15, 20-24, 29-79 see also Animal models; Computer applications; Definitional issues; National Laboratories; Organization and managment; specific large-scale projects biomarkers, 23-24 high-energy particle physics, 17, 20, 27, 29, 36, 83, 126, 131, 213-218, 230-232 industrial research, 26, 136-139 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 Morril Act, 82 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-52, 114 Multidisciplinary approaches, 3, 4, 8, 13, 78, 135, 198, 252 Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4546 definition of large-scale research, 17, 18, 20, 25-26 funding, general, 80 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-51 National Cancer Policy Board, 15 National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 54-61 National Institutes of Health, 139 small- vs large-scale research, 2, 18 Specialized Programs of Research Excellence, 52-53 Unconventional Innovations Program, 49 Vaccine Research Center, 65

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From page 276...

... , 53, 101, 103, 105, 196 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and, 76 Early Detection Research Network, 4748, 113 funding, 40-53 (passim) , 65, 73, 82, 98, 99-105, 111-114, 128, 233 historical perspectives, 29, 40-54, 8283, 232-233 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 50-52, 114 National Cancer Act, 99 National Cancer Institute Act, 232-233 preventive interventions, 104, 105 Specialized Programs of Research Excellence, 52-53 Unconventional Innovations Program, 48-50, 77, 195 Vaccine Research Center, 65 National Cancer Institute Act, 232- 233 National Cancer Policy Board, 14-15, 95, 96 National Defense Research Committee, 234-235 National Human Genome Research Institute, 32, 69(n.40)

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From page 277...

... , 115, 124, 125 Non-tenure track scientists, 73, 140, 151, 171 o Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 92 Office for Civil Rights, 185 Office of Management and Budget, 87-88, 94 Office of Naval Research, 239-240 Office of Science and Technology Policy, 131, 243, 248 Office of Scientific Research and Defense, 234-235 Office of Technology and Industrial Relations, 48 Office of Technology Assessment, 32, 248 Organization and management, 5, 6, 7-8, 13, 77-78, 130-138, 251-257 see also Contracting and contracts; Employment and personnel issues; Funding; International collaboration; Multidisciplinary approaches; Professional education Advanced Photon Source, 73-74 277 advisory committees, 2, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57, 60, 61, 78-79, 86, 92, 100-101, 134, 193, 233, 234-235, 240, 243, 248, 256 intellectual property, 186-187, 190 Cancer Chemotherapy Program, 4143 Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, 4546 Chemical Carcinogenesis Program, 4344 decision making, 14, 24, 135, 138 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 74-77 definition of large-scale research, 19, 25-26 Department of Energy, 134-135 Early Detection Research Network, 4748 education for, 7, 26, 27,130,197, 255 evaluation and assessment, 6 federal funding, general, 83-94 historical perspectives, 131, 251-257 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7173 Human Genome Project, 33-36 Human Proteome Organization, 70-71 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 51-52 National Cancer Institute, 99-105, 111113 National Cancer Policy Board, 14-15, 95,96 National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 54-61 National Institutes of Health, general, 95-99, 105-115, 134, 188, 193, 194, 195-196 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61-62 Protein Structure Initiative, 57-61 Science and Technology Centers Program, 66-67 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Consortium, 67-70 small- vs large-scale research, 131-134 (passim)

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From page 278...

... scientists, 155-157, 160 Ph.D. scientists, 36, 130, 140, 155, 157, 159, 160, 260 training grants, 151-153 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 190 President's Science Advisor, 243 President's Science Advisory Committee, 243, 256 Preventive interventions, 63, 64 hormone replacement therapy, 62, 63 National Cancer Institute, general, 104, 105 occupational diseases, 43 vaccines, 64-65, 71 Privacy, see Confidentiality and consent Private funding, 10, 24, 82, 115-125, 250 see also Nonprofit organizations genomics, 117-123 Human Genome Project, 14, 36-37, 39,117,181 HIV/AIDS, 64-65 intellectual property issues, 27-28 Molecular Targets Laboratory, 53-54 pharmaceutical industry, 115-116, 119 proteomics, 96 university/industry cooperation, 1011, 54, 66, 67, 165, 198, 200-201, 252 Private sector, see Industry; Private funding Professional education, 13, 15, 140-161, 257-263 see also Universities and colleges funding, general, 87 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 Manhattan Project, 237-238 organization and management training, 7, 26, 27, 130, 197, 255 Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, 61 Science and Technology Centers Program, 65-67 training grants, 151-153 Program announcements, 53, 86, 111, 114, 128-129, 176 Protein Data Bank, 60

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From page 279...

... Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 72 Human Genome Project, 31, 36, 37-38 Human Proteome Organization, 71 Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium, 51, 52 NIH funding, general, 95 Protein Structure Initiative, 58 Unconventional Innovations Program, 48-50, 77, 195 Technology transfer, 10, 184-190 see also Data sharing; Databases; Intellectual property; Internet

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From page 280...

... , 179, 184, 185-186, 191 postdoctoral scientists/fellows, 26, 60, 65, 107, 130, 131, 141, 142, 145, 148-154, 157-158, 160, 261 recruitment and retention, 8, 26-27, 197-198 tenure-track scientists, 65, 137, 141, 142, 145-146, 154, 197-198 undergraduate students, 66, 237, 259, 262, 263 Universities Research Association, 256257 V Vaccine Research Center, 65 Vaccines, 64-65, 71 Viruses, 40 Cancer Virus Program, 4445 HIV/AIDS, 45, 64-65 W Weather Service, 223-225 Wellcome Trust, 32, 39, 69(n.41) , 115, 124, 125 Women's Health Initiative, 62-64 World Wide Web, see Internet

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Index Pages 269-280

Index
Pages 269-280