Making the Nation Safe from Fire A Path Forward in Research (2003) / Chapter Skim
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2 Workshop Synopsis
2 Workshop Synopsis
Pages 12-25
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state or local jurisdiction was known to have adopted one of the model performance-based building codes. In practice, performance-based codes rely much more heavily on fire research, basic theoretical understandings, data, and the ability to predict building safety performance under fire conditions.
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These universities represent a new national resource for the United States, each offering an ongoing scholarly focus on the broad, integrated area of fire science and engineering. However, despite these educational programs, overall support for fire research and education in the United States has declined dramatically.
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The report made clear that Towers One and Two withstood the physical impact of the aircraft and that the collapse of both towers was fire induced. Although it is generally understood that the thermal impact of the burning jet fixed, which resulted in the almost simultaneous ignition of the building contents, was a worst-case catastrophic event for the structures, the FEMA/ASCE report does raise questions about our basic understanding of several areas of building fire performance, including fire loadings, fireproofing, structural connections, emergency communications, and human behavior.
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USGS conducts and supports earth science research into the origins of earthquakes, predicts and characterizes hazards, and disseminates earth science information. NSF funds earthquake engineering research, basic earth science research, and earthquake-related social science research.
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to what remains in the NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) extramural grants program.
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. Fire Protection Systems Fire detection is the first step to taking mitigating actions, which include evacuating or relocating people, notifying responders, or initiating other strategies such as smoke control and fire suppression.
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. A better understanding of agent mass and heat transfer processes would provide a scientific basis for the creation of rational engineering tools and improved suppressant system design (Hamins)
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. Continued development of deterministic fire hazard analysis models and probabilistic fire risk assessment methodologies is needed to more fully implement rational performance-based approaches to building fire safety (Mowrer)
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Human response models can give a better understanding of human behavior in fire based on simulated interactions with the built environment and can lead to improved designs for notification, evacuation, and response systems. These models require different levels of input data to be able to predict the movement and/or response of people to emergency cues.
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. Complex adaptive systems that incorporate adaptive human agents in the design of performance-based fire safety systems may offer particular promise in modeling human behavior during evacuation scenarios (PauIs/Groner)
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. Data are needed to quantify the uncertainty associated with input parameters and models for conducting probabilistic fire safety assessments (Siu)
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makes a strong case for a holistic approach to fire research similar to the approach to earthquake mitigation research. He notes that earthquake mitigation technology has advanced considerably over the years but deployment has not kept pace, even in earthquakeprone California.
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. There has been remarkably little interaction between researchers in the various fire communities- those involved in automatic protection, the fire service, and those in the forest fire community who are interested in the fire protection of buildings.
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Testimony to the United States House of Representatives, Committee on Science Subcommittee on Basic Research: Hearings on the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Washington, D.C.
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