The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance (2003) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 15-28
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From page 15... ...
The five industries are: network systems and communications; medical devices and equipment; aerospace; transportation, distribution, and logistics services; and financial services. This report, based on the deliberations of the study committee and the factfinding activities of industry-specific panels of experts, describes specific contributions of academic research to these industries and modes of interaction between industries and universities.
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From page 16... ...
In 2002, nearly three-fourths of total university R&D expenditures were classified as basic research and about 22 percent as applied research (NSF, 2003~. Universities account for roughly half of the basic research performed in the United States (NSF, 2003.
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From page 17... ...
This shift has resulted in a corresponding shift in the technical fields supported by federal research funds (Rapoport, 1999~. Figure 1-3 shows that, from 1973 to 2001, the percentage of total federal funding for academic research dedicated to the life sciences rose 1 0,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 to 0 6,000,000 .
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~ ~ . ~ ~ tt ~ 0% if~ .~9~ ~9~ ~9( ~9~9 ~9~ ~9~ ~9~ 9~ 9~9 99~ 99~ 99~ 9~ 999 Other sciences 151 Social sciences, total ~ Engineering, total El Math & computer sciences, total ~ Environmental sciences, total PI Physical sciences, total ~ Psychology, total PI Life sciences, total FIGURE 1-3 Percentage of federal obligations for total academic research by field, 1973-2001.
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From page 19... ...
The combination of growth in nonfederal funding sources, shifts in the technical fields receiving the largest share of government support, the increase in academic ownership of intellectual property resulting from academic research, and the increase in financial rewards from the licensing and commercialization of research results have changed the role of academic research in the U.S. innovation system.
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From page 20... ...
Although a large number of specific results of university research certain drugs, software applications, algorithms have been applied directly to industrial practice and products, the overall benefits of academic research are surely much larger. The cumulative scientific and technological knowledge in a field that underlies varied products and services may be even more important than specific inventions or innovations.
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From page 23... ...
The contributions of academic research to a social, legal, political, and economic environment that encourages innovation are often overshadowed by the more familiar contributions to advances in science and technology. SECTOR-SPECIFIC STUDIES This study is based on the premise that the research and technology needs and strategies of industries are sector specific as well as company specific, as is the character of academic-industry interactions.
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From page 24... ...
The financial services panel took a comprehensive view of the industry, including consumer and commercial services, investment banking, and insurance. The medical devices and equipment industry and the network systems and communications industry have a history of extensive collaboration with academic research.
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From page 25... ...
Furthermore, academic research in several fields may contribute to these industries, making it difficult to assign the contributions of specific disciplinary research in universities to a specific industry sector. 4Several factors contributed to this: a 1980 Supreme Court decision, Diamond as Chakrabarty, upheld the validity of a broad patent in biotechnology; the Patent and Trademarks Law Amendments Act (P.L.
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From page 26... ...
Part II. How engineering faculty view academic research.
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From page 27... ...
1999. The Emergence of Standardization of University Technology Transfer Offices: A Case Study of Institutional Change.
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