Reducing Birth Defects Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 227-238
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From page 227... ...
There are many causes of anemia, including bleeding, abnormal hemoglobin formation (such as in sickle cell anemia) , iron, BE (pernicious anemia)
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From page 228... ...
Capacity building: Increasing the ability of a local institution to provide high-quality services appropriate to the local setting, which involves performance assessment and targeted strategies to improve staff competency, logistics, and other determinants of quality of care. Carrier: One who carries and may transmit a genetic defect or infectious agent in the absence of symptoms.
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From page 229... ...
Congenital hypothyroidism: Lack of thyroid secretion due to inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal iodine intake during gestation which leads to stunted body growth and mental development in the first years of life. Congenital rubella syndrome: Fetal infection with rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause a series of congenital abnormalities including heart disease, deafness, and blindness.
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From page 230... ...
It causes mental retardation, a characteristic facial appearance, and multiple malformations. It is associated with a major risk for heart malformations, a risk of duodenal atresia in which part of the small intestine is not developed, and a small but significant risk of acute leukemia.
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From page 231... ...
Males with the enzyme deficiency develop anemia due to breakup of their red blood cells when they are exposed to oxidant drugs such as the antimalarial, primaquine, the sulfonamide antibiotics or sulfones, naphthalene mothballs, or fava beans. Fever, viral and bacterial infections, and diabetic acidosis can also precipitate a hemolytic crisis (when the red blood cells break up)
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From page 232... ...
Homozygote: Nucleus, cell, or organism with identical alleles of one or more specific genes; a person who has two identical forms of a particular gene, one inherited from each parent. Hydranencephaly: A condition in which the cerebral hemispheres of the brain are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
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From page 233... ...
Treatment of the disease involves insulin injections, a specific diet plan, daily exercise, and frequent testing of blood glucose levels. IDDM usually occurs in children and adults under the age of 30.
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From page 234... ...
are among the most common birth defects that cause death and serious disability. The different types of NTDs include anencephaly, spine bifida, and encephalocele.
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From page 235... ...
Sickle cell disease: Also known as sickle cell anemia, this is a genetic blood disease that results from the pairing of an abnormal hemoglobin S (Hb S) with another abnormal hemoglobin; the most frequent and severe phenotypes are hemoglobin SS (Hb SS)
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From page 236... ...
Trisomy 13 syndrome: Children with this syndrome have three, instead of two, copies of chromosome 13. Children born with this syndrome have multiple malformations and mental retardation, inclucling scalp clefects, blooci vessel malformations of the face and nape of the neck, cleft lip and palate, malformations of the heart and abdominal organs, and flexeci fingers with extra cligits.
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From page 237... ...
Scientists have long thought that UVB racliation can cause melanoma and other types of skin cancer. WA racliation is now consiclereci to acici skin damage that can leaci to cancer.
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