Informing the Future Critical Issues in Health: Second Edition (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Global Health and Infectious Disease
Global Health and Infectious Disease
Pages 23-32
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From page 23... ...
Although less visible titan the AIDS epidemic, the Truman toll of economic hardship acid social instability in Russia leas resulted ilk a 10-year decrease in life expectancy for men, ant! an over 40 percent decrease in births rate from tire n~id-80s to tire mid-9Os, far loweT titan tire replacement rate neeclec!
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From page 24... ...
Tire report extends and expands upon a 1992 IOM report, Emerging Infections: Microbial TI'reats to Hen/th in tire United States, which brought taxis issue to national attention and stimulated research efforts and policy actions. Tire new report describes scientific, social, and political tresses that leave influenced infection acid clisease emergence arid control over the past decade.
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From page 25... ...
citizens were clot being adequately protected fiom emerging infectious diseases. The directive (NSTC-7)
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From page 26... ...
some refinements—such as increasing tire number of personnel who leave applied epiclemiological expertise, expanding training pi ograms, and broadening communications efforts to include public Stealth partnersand called for tire government to inc' ease financial support fo' the systen~ to help ensure its lo~g-te~~m success Unlike viruses and microorganisms—tl~e agents of most known infectious cliseases priors are act anally sl~apec! forest of a normal n~a~nmalian protein.
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From page 27... ...
~ ~ R^~< -I Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, 1996-1997. SOURCE: Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Globa/ to the Local Perspective: Workshop Summary, 2~)
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From page 28... ...
There also is concern about tire potential use of zoonotic agents as "bioweapons" by terrorists. The IOM report explores tire forces that drive zoonotic diseases and offers some broacl-based strategies treat will help tire United States arch tire world in preventing ant!
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From page 29... ...
This prospect raises tire importance of aciciressing early on a range of issues likely to surround tire cessation of immunization and otI~er prevention activities. Tile IOM report examines the biological challenges, medical interventions, and operational considerations to be faced and I~igl~ligl~ts efforts titan may facilitate wise clecision-maki~g in the post-eraclication era.
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From page 30... ...
Brain disorders encompass a wide range of clisabling conditions, including epilepsy, stroke, schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar clisorde'; mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and autism. Yet public acid private health systems in cleveloping countries have paid relatively little attention to brain clisorciers, concentrating instead on tire major communicable diseases.
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From page 31... ...
health services ill local settings and monitoring tire incicler~ce, prevalence, anct burden of brain ctisorciers in cleveloping countries; creating national centers in developing, countries to carry out to aini'~g acid ~ essay Cal on be ain diso~-cie~s, ant! li~ki~g these centers with institutions in I~igh-income count~ies; ant!
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From page 32... ...
as the principal representative of tine interests of potential research participants should focus on tire ethical aspects of protecting participants with other organizational units taking responsibility for risk management and regulatory compliance. The informed consent process should be an ongoing interactive clia~ogue between research stain acid research participants that inclucles an assessment of participants unJerstancling of the discussion.
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