Setting Priorities for Large Research Facility Projects Supported by the National Science Foundation (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Histories of Projects Funded by NSF
Appendix C: Histories of Projects Funded by NSF
Pages 77-146
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From page 77... ...
92 IceCube.............................................................................................................. 96 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program..............................................................
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From page 78... ...
-- FY 1992 · Gemini Observatories -- FY 1991 · Polar Support Aircraft Upgrades -- FY 1999 · South Pole Safety and Environmental Project (SPSE) -- FY 1997 · Terascale Computing Projects -- FY 2000 Construction Projects Currently Being Supported: · South Pole Station Modernization (SPSM)
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From page 79... ...
-- FY 2006 · Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) -- FY 2006 · Integrated ocean drilling program (IODP)
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From page 80... ...
. Barrett subcommittee report is sent to Astronomy Advisory Committee, which endorses recommendation to do design study for millimeter array and passes it on to NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences [3]
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From page 81... ...
2002 ALMA receives MREFC funding. January 24, 2002 NSB Executive Committee authorizes full construction of ALMA [15]
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From page 82... ...
In April 1983, the Barrett subcommittee recommended that a design study for a millimeter array be undertaken, and the NSF MPS/AC passed the recommendation on to NSF [3, 5]
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From page 83... ...
ALMA first received MREFC funding for design and development work in FY 1998. An antenna prototype began testing in New Mexico in the fall of 2002 [11]
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From page 84... ...
See Table C-2 for a timeline of the major developments.
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From page 85... ...
. May 1-2, 2000 GEO/AC announces $17.44 million request for NSF MREFC account in FY 2001 to fund EarthScope [5]
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From page 86... ...
. June 12, 2002 Drilling for pilot hole into San Andreas fault for SAFOD begins with funding from International Continental Drilling Program [19]
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From page 87... ...
, announced that $17.44 million for FY 2001 was requested from Congress for the NSF MREFC account to initiate construction of USArray and SAFOD [5]
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From page 88... ...
. On February 4, 2002 the president signed the FY 2003 budget request, including $35 million for the NSF MREFC account for EarthScope.
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From page 89... ...
Approval and Funding History MREFC funding for construction began in FY 1995. Construction was initiated in FY 1991.
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From page 90... ...
. October 11, 1995 Corning Inc., announces completion of Gemini North primary mirror blank [10]
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From page 91... ...
. In October 1994, groundbreaking ceremonies marked the beginning of construction on both the Gemini North and Gemini South telescopes.
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From page 92... ...
[14] Gemini Observatory Press Release, December 3, 2001.
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From page 93... ...
NSF's FY 2002 budget request did not include MREFC funding for HIAPER. The House Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations added $35 million for HIAPER; this funding was retained in the final spending bill for FY 2002.
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From page 94... ...
. August 1998 NSB authorizes NSF to seek MREFC funding for HIAPER in FY 2000 [5]
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. During that year, HIAPER received its first MREFC funding, and additional funding was appropriated in FY 2001.
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MREFC funding was first included in the President's budget request to Congress in FY 2004. However, Congress provided funding for Ice Cube startup activities in FY 2002 and FY 2003 in the amounts of $15 million and $24.7 million, respectively.
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From page 97... ...
. March 2002 NSB approves award of $15 million for IceCube startup activities.
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prompted the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to request a study by the National Research Council to review 4The USAP facilities include Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, McMurdo Station, Palmer Station, and two research vessels [3]
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IODP (INTEGRATED OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM) Description The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)
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Approval and Funding History The IODP has not yet received MREFC funding. It was included in the NSF FY 2004 budget proposal as an out-year request for funding in FY 2005.
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. 1996 Ocean Drilling Program Long Range Planning Committee report [8]
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From page 102... ...
. Drawing on the 1993 National Research Council report Solid-Earth Sciences and Society and the 1996 ODP Long Range Planning Committee report, COMPOST-II made six recommendations affirming "its commitment to a new international scientific ocean drilling program post-2003" [8]
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From page 103... ...
. That fall, the NSF Division of Ocean Sciences reported "the expectation that the long-term responsibility for ODP scientific and physical assets will be transferred to appropriate contractors and organizations in the planned follow-on program, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)
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US Science Support Program Associated with the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (USSSP-IODP) , August 4, 2003.
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See Table C-7 for a timeline of the major developments. Because of the high cost of excavating the LEP tunnel, scientists at CERN decided to begin looking into possible next-generation accelerators to replace LEP at the same site.
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. December 16, 1994 CERN Council approves two-stage plan for LHC with possibility of expediting project with outside contributions [5]
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. 1999 First year of NSF MREFC funding for LHC [10]
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. US officials signed an agreement with CERN in December 1997, promising to contribute $531 million to the LHC project, of which $81 million would come from the NSF MREFC account for ATLAS and CMS [12]
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. MREFC funding of construction began in FY 1994.
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Development Summary The concept of detecting GWs with laser interferometers was first developed in the 1960s. Table C-8 presents a timeline of the major developments.
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NSF Division of Physics Advisory Committee (triggered by Weiss's MIT work and Drever's new program at Caltech) endorses concept of GW interferometer [7, 16]
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to create LIGO project for constructing two 1-km interferometer facilities; plans for LIGO are based on results of MIT study and on experimental work at Caltech, MIT, Glasgow, and Garching; Caltech takes lead administrative role in LIGO; LIGO Steering Committee (Drever, Thorne, and Weiss) is formed [4, 7, 16]
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From page 113... ...
NSB approves LIGO construction proposal. Fall 1990 NSF requests and Congress rejects LIGO construction funding for FY 1991 [3, 7]
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From page 114... ...
November 1992 [1] NSF review by panel of experts recommends "dedicated" NSF program manager.
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LIGO was included in the FY 1991 budget request, but the funding was denied in Fall 1990. In May 1991, during discussions of amendments to the NSF Authorization Act, Rep.
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In 1997, as LIGO neared the end of its construction phase, two organizational institutions were formed [14] : LIGO Laboratory and LIGO Scientific Collaboration.
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will be a geographically distributed national network of shared experimental earthquake engineering research equipment sites linked by a high-performance Internet system; it will consist of three major components: · Next-generation earthquake engineering research equipment (such as shake tables, a tsunami wave basin, geotechnical centrifuges, largescale laboratory facilities, and mobile and permanently installed field equipment) distributed around the country at 15 universities.
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In December 1995, NSF held a small workshop on the future of earthquake engineering experimental research to develop an action plan [8]
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: Assessment of Earthquake Engineering Research and Testing Capabilities in the United States. October 23, 1995 Abrams testifies on EERI report before House Committee on Science [15, 4]
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for NEES earthquake engineering research equipment, phase 1 [12, 13] ; solicitation is issued (NSF 00-7)
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[2a] Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Experimental Facilities: Developing a National Network with Structural, Seismological and Coastal High Performance Seismic Simu lation Facilities, University of California, Davis, May 28-29, 1998.
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From page 122... ...
: Earthquake Engineering Research Equipment, Program Solicitation (NSF 00-6) December 20, 1999.
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Bruce Hayden, who had recently joined NSF as a visiting-scientist director of the Division of Environmental Biology, suggested that a national network of environmental observatories would enable ecologists to address important regional- and continental-scale questions. See Table C-10 for a timeline of the major developments.
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From page 124... ...
. August 1999 NSB approves NSF FY 2001 budget request, including NEON as MREFC project.
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Alan Mollohan (D-WV) , ranking 2002 member, House Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, asking for his support for NEON [16]
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September 2003 Senate Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations recommends no new starts in MREFC account [19]
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It also cautioned that the proposed implementation plans needed modification and refinement to ensure that NEON would focus on the most important scientific issues, efficiently provide the national network of infrastructure essential for each challenge, encourage creative research, and meet the requirements for MREFC funding. References [1]
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IBRCS White Paper: Rationale, Blue print, and Expectations for the National Ecological Observatory Network, Washing ton, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, March 2003.
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Managing Institutions Not applicable. Development Summary The OOI, which has yet to receive NSF MREFC funding, represents the consolidation of various recommendations made by workshops and reviews.
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. February 2003 President Bush's FY 2004 budget request includes out-year funding for OOI in FY 2006.
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. The budget request for FY 2003 submitted by the president in February 2002 did not include funding for the OOI from the NSF MREFC account.
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During the same month, the President submitted his request for the FY 2004 budget, which did not include MREFC funding for the OOI but did for the first time make out-year requests, including funding for the OOI in FY 2006. References [1]
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From page 133... ...
. Because that review was in progress when the FY 1999 NSF budget request was being prepared, the FY 1999 NSF budget request included $20 million in the Major Research Equipment account for the modification of two LC-130s, and these funds were appropriated in FY 1999.
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. 1999 First year of MREFC funding to upgrade NSF-owned LC-130s to meet Air Force safety and operability standards.
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Approval and Funding History Although recommended for approval by the NSB in 2001, overall national budget pressures have delayed budget appropriations for the RSVP. Funding is anticipated in FY 2006, as was indicated in the FY 2004 budget request to Congress.
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From page 136... ...
In May 2000, the MREFC panel of the NSF Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences recommended to the NSF director that the request for funding for RSVP be included in the FY 2002 budget request to Congress. In October 2000, the NSB approved RSVP as a candidate to be included as an MREFC project in the NSF budget in FY 2002 and beyond.
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. January 2003 NSF budget proposal for FY 2004 makes out-year request for RSVP MREFC funding in FY 2006.
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SPSM (SOUTH POLE STATION MODERNIZATION) Description The South Pole Station Modernization project (SPSM)
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Managing Institutions The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is part of the USAP managed by NSF. Development Summary (includes South Pole Safety and Environmental Project, SPSE)
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From page 140... ...
. September 1995 Senate Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies of Committee on Appropriations requests report from NSTC to review US Antarctic policy [3]
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From page 141... ...
Rand, et al. Rebuilding the South Pole Station.
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From page 142... ...
See Table C-15 for a timeline of major developments. The meetings culminated in the report Terascale and Petascale Computing: Digital Reality in the New Millenium.
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. January 18, 2001 NSF program solicitation for DTF is issued [13]
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NSF entered the next stage of its terascale computing activity in 2002 by making an ETF award to expand the capabilities of the initial DTF sites and to integrate PSC's LeMieux system [15]
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[10] Terascale Computing System, Program Solicitation (NSF 00-29)
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