New Frontiers in Contraceptive Research A Blueprint for Action (2004) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-26
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From page 17... ...
Conversely, the consequences of unintended pregnancy are quite serious, imposing significant burdens on children, women, men, and families (reviewed by the Institute of Medicine, 1995~. The child born from an unplanned conception is at greater risk of low birth weight, dying in its first year of life, being abused, and not receiving sufficient resources for healthy development.
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From page 18... ...
In Burkina Faso, where only 4 percent of women use family planning methods, 1 in 14 will die of maternal causes over the course of her iThe Global Health Council compiled a country-by-country profile of all 227 countries in the world, based on the best available statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau, United Nations agencies, country reports, and specialized surveys carried out by a variety of respected research organizations.
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From page 19... ...
In developing nations, where an estimated 98 percent of pregnancy-related deaths take place, the loss of a mother translates into the increased likelihood that surviving family members will not be able to properly care for existing children, and such children have a much greater risk of dying themselves (Steiner et al., 2000~. Moreover, because these women typically die between the ages of 15 and 45, elevated rates of maternal mortality represent a significant threat to the broader socioeconomic systems (reviewed by the Global Health Council, 2002~.
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From page 20... ...
However, studies show that more than 120 million people around the world do not use any form of contraception, even though they report that they are sexually active and do not wish to become pregnant (Figure 1.1~. Although a number of effective reversible and nonreversible contraceptive methods exist (barrier methods, hormonal methods, intrauterine devices, and contraceptive sterilization)
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From page 21... ...
Some of them are sexually active and using contraceptive methods, some are sexually active and are not using any method of family planning, some may wish to conceive, and some are not sexually active. Columns 4 and 5: Married women using contraceptive methods, separated according to "modern" and "traditional" (Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 2002~.
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From page 22... ...
Methods are needed for child spacing as well as permanent pregnancy prevention, for adolescents as well as those approaching menopause, for postpartum and breast-feeding women, for women and men with medical conditions that restrict the contraceptive that they can use, for men and women with few resources, and for men and women whose personal situations make correct and consistent use difficult. In addition, the development of new dual protection methods those that protect against pregnancy as well as against HIV/ AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections would be highly benefi4According to 2002 data of the United Nations Population Division.
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From page 23... ...
For many men, women, children, families, and communities, the negative consequences of not meeting family planning needs are high. Cost, accessibility, and consistent and correct use of existing methods still present enormous challenges to international family planning efforts in particular.
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From page 24... ...
In terms of implementation, new parties are interested in the process of contraceptive development and dissemination, and new global consortia are also dealing with reproductive health. These new participants offer unique opportunities to move contraceptive development forward if there is an expansion of the number and the breadth of expertise of scientists and clinicians dedicated to contraceptive research and development.
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From page 25... ...
Chapter 3 describes the challenges associated with product identification and development, once potential new targets for contraceptive development have been identified, and suggests a variety of approaches to stimulate and speed progress in translational research and drug development. Chapter 4 examines the role of the social and behavioral sciences in shaping the pursuit of leads that are likely to find a receptive set of users and that are appropriate to particular populations or circumstances.
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From page 26... ...
International Family Planning Perspectives 28(3)
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Key Terms
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