Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-7
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The Bureau of Reclamation and Sandia National Laboratories jointly developed the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap (Roadmap) to serve as a strategic research pathway for desalination and water purification technologies to "contribute significantly to ensuring a safe, sustainable, affordable, and adequate water supply for the United States" (USBR and SNL, 2003)
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novel ideas that can enhance water supplies and reduce the costs of current technologies. The Roadmap and its underlying process appear to present an appropriate framework for advancing research in several areas of desalination and water purification technology to help address future water needs across the United States, but the Roadmap document lacks an appropriate focus on desalination research and technology needs to meet the identified water supply objectives.
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Membranes The use of membrane processes for desalination has increased markedly in recent years, as desalination costs for reverse osmosis have declined. Considering the recent improvements in membrane-based desalination, substantial further cost savings could be more difficult to achieve, suggesting the need for a carefully developed research agenda targeted to areas that offer the most promise for cost reduction.
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Research to evaluate or refine nonmetallic or polymeric heat transfer materials could significantly reduce capital costs, and improvement in the efficiency of heat transfer surfaces could also reduce operating costs. Research that identifies corrosion mitigation techniques or develops innovative materials of construction that resist corrosion could improve plant economics for thermal desalination plants.
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With additional research and development to support cost reductions, membrane bioreactors could provide a higher level of treatment at comparable costs of traditional treatment, thus contributing to better public health protection in reuse applications. Several applied research efforts are proposed that could improve the applicability of water reuse and recycling.
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Research should explore the fate of these contaminants and the concentration at which deleterious impacts occur in concentrate management applications. Due to limits in salt concentration tolerated in the root zone and the possibility of leachate degrading ground or surface waters, crop irrigation may not be a viable option in most cases, although research is needed to further examine the limits of this disposal option.
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Proposals should be selected through a rigorous independent peer review process, utilizing a rotating panel of independent expert reviewers. · The Bureau of Reclamation should encourage and lead the publication and communication of research activities and results through various media, including a central website on the activities and progress of the Roadmap.
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