Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1988) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-11
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It is hardly surprising that animal experimentation raises complex questions and generates strong emotions. Animal experimentation is an essential component of biomedical and behavioral research, a critical part of efforts to prevent, cure, and treat a tract range of ailments.
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The data concerning the numbers of animals used In testing are not complete. Various sources estimate that anywhere from several million to more than half of the approximately 20 million animals used for research and testing in the United States are used for testing.
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BENEFITS DERIVED PROM THE USE OF AN=A[S The use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research has greatly increased scientific knowledge and has had enormous benefits for human health. For example, ~ the United States, animal experimentation has contributed to an increase in average life expectancy of about 25 years since 1900.
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Vaccines, antibiotics, anesthetics, and other products have improved the lives of countless animals. ALTERNATIVE METHODS IN BlOMEDICAI' AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH Scientists have been and are searching for alternative methods to the use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research for a variety of reasons, including an interest in the welfare of animals, a concern for the increasing costs of purchasing and caring for animals, and because in some areas alternative methods may be more efficient and effective research tools.
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The search for alternatives to the use of animals In research and testing remains a valid goal of researchers, but the chance that alternatives wiD completely replace anunals in the foreseeable future is nil. Nevertheless, successes have occurred in reducing the numbers of animals used, in developing nonmammalian modem, and In refining experunental protocols to reduce the pain experienced by anneals, and work continues In this area.
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A second Tong-standing, important document affecting animal research in the United States is a product not of the federal government but of the scientific community. In 1963, the Animal Care Panel released the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care.
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On the nongovernmental side, the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care uses the Guide in evaluating the animal facilities of institutions seeking accreditation. In addition to requiring compliance with the Guide, the PHS policy statement and 1985 Health Research Extension Act include several other important statutory and regulatory changes.
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The requirement that investigators strictly comply with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has also raised difficulties. The 1985 Health Research Extension Act essentially imparts the force of law to the Guide, but the Guide was not written to be a legal document.
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No additional laws or regulatory measures (except the regulations required by the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985) affecting the use of animals in research should be promulgated until, based on experience, a careful accounting of the effects of the application of the present body of laws, regulations, and guidelines has been made and evidence of the need for more regulation ~ available.
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A prohibition against the use of pound animals inevitably increases the costs of animal research because the cost of an animal from a dealer ~ greater than the cost of a pound animal. If the impounded dogs used each year in research were not available, a sum stantial additional cost would be incurred!
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Similarly, Sections in the United States do not arise unilaterally from authorities. They reflect a consensus within society, ~ expressed through people's elected representatives.
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