Report by the Committee on Motor Vehicle Emissions (1973) / Chapter Skim
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6 Alternative Systems for Low-Emission Automobiles
6 Alternative Systems for Low-Emission Automobiles
Pages 104-112
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From page 104... ...
6.1 Diesel Engines Recent data show that several current four-stroke, and one twostroke, diesel engines can meet 1975 standards for carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. A typical NO value for a current Mercedes Benz 220D under the CVS-CH test is 1.65 Simile.
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From page 105... ...
A passenger-car diesel engine designed according to existing technology may have a possible disadvantage in slightly greater weight and larger size over a spark-ignition engine of comparable output. It may cost more basically, but the difference shrinks when the emission controls for gasoline engines are added in, since the add-one for diesels to meet 1975 standards are minimal.
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From page 106... ...
Gas turbines to date have all shown poor fuel consumption at low design power and while operating at low fractions of the design power. Highly regenerated units tend to limit the effect, but the possibility of economic gas turbines having design power below 150 horsepower and operating under lightly loaded conditions is still a controversial matter.
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From page 107... ...
The engineering problems that remain to be solved before it would be possible to adopt them as practical engines for limited application relate to the reliability of sealing the working fluid inside the engine, to the cost and reliability of the heater assembly, and to the development of a simple, versatile poweroutput control system. Considerably more engineering is necessary to allow the engine to be considered as an entirely suitable automobile power plant.
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From page 108... ...
With further signif~cant cost and performance improvements, vehicular applications in small quantities may become fees ible within 10 to 15 years . Vehicles that employ rechargeable batteries as a power source do not have emissions resulting from the combustion of fuels; the site of emissions is transferred to central power stations where such emissions are understood to be more effectively controlled, and at a lower cost.
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From page 109... ...
Presently available specialpurpose vehicles can provide ranges of up to 50 miles and modest acceleration marginally acceptable under urban driving conditions, at a high cost. Other currently available rechargeable batteries, such as zinc/ silver-oxide and cadmium/nickel-oxide, while superior in some respects to the lead/acid system, are inherently unsuitable for vehicular applications because of cost and/or limited availability of materials.
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From page 110... ...
Even if the technical and economic criteria can be met, it is doubtful whether introduction of this new and complex power-plant scheme w'11 represent any more than an interim solution with respect to pollution abatement and ef fee Live use of natural resources . Rankine Engines Tests made on Rankine-engine components have shown that the 1976 standards could probably be met with Rankine-engine-powered, standard-s ize automobiles .
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From page 111... ...
To achieve an engine with reasonable fuel economy, the controls have to be complex and the engine has to be as large as possible within the allowable envelope. Thus, any Rankine engine will be pushed to the allowable limits on s ize, weight, and cos t for a given application, and the automobile will be considerably underpowered and overpriced as compared with a gasoline engine in the same application.
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From page 112... ...
6.6 Other Engines A wide variety of other engines with some potential advantage over the gasoline engine or diesel engine have been considered over the years. Most of these have not been developed even as far as the automobile gas turbine, Rankine engine, or Stirling engine.
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