Report by the Committee on Motor Vehicle Emissions (1973) / Chapter Skim
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2 The Standards, Certification and Testing
2 The Standards, Certification and Testing
Pages 15-21
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From page 15... ...
Such standards require that the emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons from light-duty vehicles and engines manufactured during or after model year 1975 be reduced by at least 90 percent from these required of 1970 vehicles; also, emissions of oxides of nitrogen from light-duty motor vehicles and engines manufactured during or after model year 1976 are to be at least 90 percent below the average of those actually measured from light-duty vehicles manufactured during model year 1971 which are not subject to any federal or state emission standards. The 1975 model year standards are: 0.41 grams per vehicle mile for hydrocarbons (HC)
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From page 16... ...
A certificate of conformity is to be issued for classes of motor vehicles that comply with the standards, thus permitting the manufacture and sale of these classes of vehicles. The emissions test to be used for certification of 1975 and 1976 vehicles, referred to as the CVS-CH test, consists of a 12-hour wait at a temperature between 60° and 86°F, a cold-engine startup, a continuous sequence of different driving modes simulating an average trip over a 23-minute route in an urban area, a ten-minute shutdown followed by a hot-engine restart, and a repeat of the fi rst 505 seconds of the 23-minute cycle.
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From page 17... ...
Emissions tests must be run before and after any vehicle maintenance that may be reasonably expected to affect emissions. As the first step in determining compliance of a new light-duty vehicle, emission-deterioration factors are determined from the durability-data fleet emission test results.
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From page 18... ...
Data from the automobile manufacturers and several independent laboratories taken on 1972 model year vehicles using the 1975 Federal CVS-CH test show coefficients of variation of 10 to 20 percent. When the CVS-CH test is applied to 1975-76 prototype vehicles, the probable percentage error increases, since emission levels have decreased from 1972.
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From page 19... ...
This fact and the variability of test results mentioned above shows a need for regulations that control the manufacture and operation of vehicles to ensure that the emissions on the average meet the standards. It is only necessary to test a quality audit sample of production-line vehicles to demonstrate that the average emissions of production vehicles compare satisfactorily with the certification standard, taking into account a prescribed useful life deterioration factor and a tolerance factor reflecting the difference between production vehicles and pre-production prototypes.
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From page 20... ...
This section states that manufacturers could ultimately be required to warrant compliance of the emission control system of a vehicle throughout its useful life if it is maintained and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and if the nonconformity results in the car owner "having to bear any penalty or other sanction .
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From page 21... ...
The full OVSCH test would be run for the surveillance audit. Such surveillance tests could be used not only to determine emissions Fran each car family, but also to evaluate deterioration of emission control systems in actual use, to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed maintenance procedures, to develop information on failure modes, and to establish the need for recall of a class of vehicles.
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