Beyond the Market Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States (2005) / Chapter Skim
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2 Accounting and Data Foundations
2 Accounting and Data Foundations
Pages 39-54
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From page 39... ...
Another cross-cutting data development need is that for a coherent, readily accessible demographic database. The data needed to support measurement of nonmarket outputs are diverse; development of these output measures will be the house-to-house combat of nonmarket accounting.
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From page 40... ...
In the United States, GDP is measured using an expenditure approach. GDP, as shown in Table 2-1, is equal to the sum of personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net exports of goods and services (exports minus imports)
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From page 41... ...
GDI is equal to the sum of compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports (minus subsidies) , net operating surplus, and consumption of fixed capital; a close synonym for consumption of fixed capital is economic depreciation.
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From page 42... ...
Gross domestic product 10,082.2 Imputations 1,549.5 Owner-occupied housing 648.5 Rental value of nonresidential fixed assets owned and used by nonprofit 61.2 institutions serving individuals Services furnished without payment by financial intermediaries except 288.9 life insurance carriers Employment-related imputations 354.8 Farm products consumed on farms 0.2 Margins on owner-built housing 8.2 Consumption of general government fixed capital 187.7 Excluding imputations 8,532.6 SOURCE: Moulton (2002, p.
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From page 43... ...
. In addition to the summary domestic income and product accounts shown in Table 2-1, the NIPA summary accounts include six others: the private enterprise account, the personal income and outlay account, the government receipts and expenditures account, the foreign transactions current account, the domestic capital account, and the foreign transactions capital account.
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From page 44... ...
In 1995, the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women called for national and international statistical organizations to measure unpaid work and estimate its value in satellite accounts to the GDP.
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From page 45... ...
Relying on several different measures of replacement cost, ABS calculated that unpaid work amounted to about 48 percent of Australian GDP in that year (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000, p.
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From page 46... ...
The sampling frame for the ATUS is that of the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) -- the actual ATUS samples are taken randomly from households just completing their eighth month in the CPS sample.
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From page 47... ...
These additional data keep economic information current, which is important for allowing the full ATUS sample to be used in valuing time in household production and for more accurate construction of estimation weights. BLS had expected to sample roughly 2,800 households per month in 2003 and to obtain a 70 percent response rate.
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From page 48... ...
Because most of the ATUS nonrespondents provided CPS responses the month before, a good deal is known about their demographic and economic characteristics. It is a relatively simple matter to reweight the sample averages of time allocations to account for differential nonresponse rates across groups with different observable characteristics.
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From page 49... ...
The survey does include separate questions designed to learn about time devoted to child care activities, which empirically is by far the most important "secondary" activity reported by respondents in other time-use surveys. Still, more complete information about secondary activities could prove to be important for monitoring time devoted to productive nonmarket activities that may occur simultaneously with other tasks or pastimes.
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From page 50... ...
Spousal interactions may be important, as spousal complementarities probably generate substantial additional value, but including the value of this intrahousehold capital is a more difficult and subtler matter than the central one of obtaining good estimates of how people spend their time. With higher levels of funding, it might be desirable to attempt to obtain time budgets from several (or even all)
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From page 51... ...
Perhaps more importantly, asking respondents to report for multiple days could have the serious disadvantage of depressing survey response rates still further. In the end, the relative value of having multiple reports from particular respondents as opposed to single reports from a larger number of respondents may depend on whether interday or interpersonal heterogeneity in time allocation is greater.
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From page 52... ...
There was evidence, for example, that, had the survey been designed to collect time-use information from multiple members of responding household on a particular day, survey response rates would have been much lower. Similarly, testing carried out during the development period raised serious concern that probing systematically for secondary activities in which respondents might have been engaged would have greatly increased the perceived survey response burden and thus adversely affected response rates.
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From page 53... ...
It would also be ideal to have information on health in this demographic database, but this may not be a realistic goal. Household structure data should include demographic information on members of a household, including relationships if any (e.g., divorced or married)
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From page 54... ...
Similarly, for a health account, data on the population's health status, of the sort now being developed in disease state and health impairment research, hold promise of providing direct measures of the output of the health sector. The data that will be needed to create these output measures, as well as the data required to construct defensible measures of other sorts of nonmarket production, are discussed at the appropriate points in Chapters 3 through 8.
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