Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China The Challenges Ahead: Proceedings of a Symposium (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Prospects for Distributed Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems in China--LIWEN FENG and YINGSHI WANG
Prospects for Distributed Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems in China--LIWEN FENG and YINGSHI WANG
Pages 205-216
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From page 205... ...
In recent years, as a result of the serious ecological and environmental challenges facing traditional power sources (e.g., global warming) , the pace of the development of conventional plants in industrialized countries has slowed.
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From page 206... ...
ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY Although distributed energy technologies are still in their infancy, they have numerous advantages over traditional energy technologies: reduced emissions; increased efficiency; flexibility; improved safety; and load balance. Lower Emissions Because distributed energy systems use renewable energy sources and gas turbine engines with extremely efficient combustion chamber technology, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
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From page 207... ...
In addition to standard power, distributed energy can supply emergency standby power and, if necessary, extra power during peak times, thus greatly improving the reliability of the power supply. Supply Balance To reduce adverse effects on the environment, natural gas is replacing coal.
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From page 208... ...
The plan should include a reasonable layout of the large grid and the development of distributed energy. TABLE 1 Status of Current Distributed Energy Projects in China Project Location Equipment Status Remarks Shanghai Huangpu Center 1 × 1000 kW Solar Saturn 20 Operating diesel gas turbine; 1 × 3.5 t/h HRSG Shanghai Pudong Airport 1 × 4000 kW Solar natural gas turbine Operating Shanghai Minhang Hospital 1 × 400 kW Jiantai gas engine; Operating 1 x 350 kg/h HRSG Guangdong Dongguan 11 × 1020 kW diesel gas engine; Operating Shoe Plant 11 x 0.5 t/h steam boilers Guangzhou Aluminum Group 1 × 725 kW heavy oil gas engine; Operating 1 × BZ200 waste heat direct engine Shanghai Engineering 1× 60 kW Capstone micro-engine; Under development University 1 × 150,000 Mega Pascal waste heat direct engine Beijing Gas Group 1 × 480 kW, 1 × 725 kW gas engine Installed Beijing Ci Chumen Station 1 × 80 kW Bowman gas micro-engine Installed Beijing International 1 × 4000 kW Solar Centaur Under development Trading Building 40 gas turbine Beijing International 1 × 4000 kW Solar Centaur Under development Shopping Mall 40 gas turbine Soft Ware Square 1 set of 1200 kW Solar gas turbine Tendered
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From page 209... ...
China must improve the utilization rate of energy as it addresses environmental contamination. Distributed energy can provide a new, realistic method of using natural gas that will increase energy efficiency, offer economic benefits, and improve safety.
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From page 210... ...
Major energy equipment includes: 1 set of 480 kW + 1 set of 72 kW Caterpillar gas engines; and 1 set of BZ100 + 1 set of BZ200 waste-heat direct-absorption gas turbines. The system guarantees basic power needs.
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From page 211... ...
If we combine foreign experience with these standards, we can formulate guidelines for interconnecting small power sources that are suitable to the Chinese situation and take into account the interests of the power department and the technical issues surrounding interconnection. Sales Chinese laws stipulate that unless the power supply enterprises agree, no other entity is allowed to supply power.
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From page 212... ...
In the initial loan phase, these companies enjoy reductions in and exemptions from import duties, as well as favorable polices regarding the value-added tax on imported equipment. However, companies using EMCs are no longer allowed to receive World Bank loans directly, and so are required to pay the regular customs duty and value-added tax for imported equipment.
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From page 213... ...
CCHP is being used in the newly built Pudong Airport in Shanghai and at Minhang Hospital in Xinzhuang Shanghai. In Beijing, CCHP projects include Beijing Gas Monitor and Control Center, which uses a gas engine, and Ciqumen Station, which uses a micro gas turbine.
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From page 214... ...
This capacity tariff, or "power source standby fee," should not be allowed because the capacity for distributed energy customers is so small that the power grid does not have to maintain the equivalent standby capacity. Second, distributed energy facilities may sell extra power to the grid, and the grid may be obliged to off-take such power.
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From page 215... ...
A CCHP network will be built near the park, and various kinds of energy facilities will be connected with this network from different locations. Those facilities will include natural gas heating, electricity, and cooling, fuel cells, solar electric and thermal energy, and wind energy.
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From page 216... ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY Beijing Natural Gas Utilization Research Institute.
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