Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China The Challenges Ahead: Proceedings of a Symposium (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction--JACK J. FRITZ
Introduction--JACK J. FRITZ
Pages 1-8
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More than 120 cities have populations of more than one million, and by the end of the twenty-first century, 10 to 20 cities will have populations of more than 10 million. Rapid urbanization will challenge governments at all levels, not only to provide basic services to growing urban populations, but also to modernize, to continue to develop economically, and to address environmental concerns, particularly air pollution, that result from rapid economic growth.
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) , the government passed a second amendment in 2000 to the 1987 Law of Air Pollution Prevention and Control.
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Therefore, the Chinese government is committed both to the development of cleaner coal technology and to reducing the country's dependence on coal. Coal combustion continues to be the largest contributor to air pollution in China, with particulates and SO2 causing the most significant problems.
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Tang describes some characteristics of air pollution in these cities brought about by rapid economic growth. Smaller cities have experienced increases in SO2, TSP, and NOx levels as the result of their overwhelming reliance on coal for residential and industrial uses.
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Mercury is used as a tracer substance, or proxy, for other pollutants, because it results from coal combustion and tends to be conservative. Need for Improved Monitoring Current and past techniques for measuring air pollution have often led to inaccurate results.
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Another problem is that policy makers lack a fundamental understanding of the fraction of ground-level air pollution that comes from the power sector and how much comes from small boilers. Most new power plants have stacks more than 200 meters high for wide dispersal, which makes it difficult to measure their contributions to ground-level pollution.
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We hope that this gathering of experts on air pollution and energy will be the first in a series of interactions in the coming years. BIBLIOGRAPHY Chinese Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council.
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