Veterans and Agent Orange Update 2004 (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Index Note to the reader: This index contains entries for each of the six volumes of the Veterans and Agent Orange series released to date: Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam (I) , Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996 (II)
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From page 581... ...
INDEX 581 A breast cancer incidence in US women, data for selected age groups, III: 324; IV: Abortions. See Spontaneous abortion 314; V: 301 ACC.
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582 INDEX parkinsonism, V: 524 exposure opportunity index (EOI) , II: 290 prostate cancer incidence, data for selected 291; III: 146, 147, 148; IV: 124, 405 age groups, III: 334; IV: 10, 327; V: federal government action/research, I: 45 317, 524 60; II: 2732; III: 2732; IV: 13 renal cancers incidence, data for selected health effects of, concerns, I: 2; II: 1923, age groups, III: 352; IV: 346 2627; III: 1920, 236, 237, 240, 242, reproductive disorders, IV: 5152, 59, 63, 243 66, 71, 80, 200 International Agency for Research on research recommendations, V: 524 Cancer research activities, III: 30 soft-tissue sarcoma age of onset, I: 436 legislation, I: 4752; II: 2829; III: 2627; soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data for IV: 1, 15 selected age groups, III: 306; IV: 292; Orange II formulation, I: 90; III: 137; IV: V: 282 119 TCDD halflife, IV: 24, 28, 45 product liability litigation, I: 3435 testicular cancer incidence, data for selected spontaneous abortion, II: 283; IV: 399400, age groups, III: 343; IV: 335; V: 325 409412; V: 414 urinary bladder cancer incidence, data for suspension of use, I: 9293; II: 26 selected age groups, III: 347; IV: 340; TCDD as contaminant of, I: 91, 114, 126 V: 328 127; II: 102; III: 140; IV: 133135 See also Demographic data, Vietnam Vietnam amount used, I: 1, 27, 74, 90, 97 veterans 98, 106; II: 1, 26; III: 136; IV: 115, Agent Blue, I: 27, 8990, 93, 97, 100; III: 136, 118119 137; IV: 118; VI: 183185 Vietnam military application, I: 1, 3, 27, 74, volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, 8485, 90, 9293, 97107, 543545; II: data, III: 136 1, 2627; III: 1, 25, 136, 137, 138, 140; Agent Green, I: 27, 90, 92, 114; III: 136, 137, IV: 125126 140, 146; IV: 118; VI: 183 Vietnam surplus disposal, I: 9394 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, Vietnam veterans' concerns, I: 3234; II: data, III: 136; IV: 123 2627 Agent Orange, II: 308; III: 130, 159, 315, 344, Vietnam veterans' increased disease risk, II: 359, 389, 407, 444, 460, 462, 489, 491; 2223; III: 2223, 272; IV: 89, 12, IV: 117118, 150, 156; V: 1, 12; VI: 1, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 183 311, 318, 323, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, Air Force research activities, II: 3132; III: 359, 367, 374, 381, 388 2829 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, birth defects association, II: 298, 300; III: data, II: 136; IV: 120, 123, 150 435; IV: 400 See also Herbicides; Incineration, of Agent breast cancer association, V: 307 Orange cancer latency issues, II: 260276; III: 407 Agent Orange, the Deadly Fog, I: 33 431; IV: 284 Agent Orange Act of 1991.
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INDEX 583 Agent Orange Task Force, II: 2426; III: 24 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 454; II: 183184; 25, 148; IV: 124 III: 284285; IV: 271 See also Department of Veterans Affairs herbicide exposure assessment, I: 265266; (DVA) III: 154157; IV: 202 Agent Orange Validation Study, III: 240; IV: Hodgkin's disease, I: 550553; II: 135 156, 159, 160, 162, 283, 304, 327, 403; Irish agricultural workers study, II: 136 VI: 139, 190 137 Agent Orange Victims International, I: 34 kidney cancer, I: 515 Agent Orange Working Group, I: 19, 46, 58, leukemia, I: 332335, 566568; II: 136; III: 277, 743 387388 research methodology, I: 728 malignant lymphoma in, IV: 201 Agent Pink, I: 27, 90, 92, 114; III: 136, 137, multiple myelomas, I: 1112, 558561; II: 140, 146; IV: 118, 122123; VI: 183 138139, 238239, 241243; III: 379 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, 380 data, III: 136; IV: 123 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 256257, Agent Purple, I: 27, 89, 92, 114; III: 136, 140, 530540; II: 138, 139, 232234; III: 146; IV: 118, 122123; VI: 183 364365; IV: 359361 Operation Ranch Hand, IV: 123 parkinsonism in, V: 6 TCDD in, I: 126; IV: 122 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518, 519, 575; II: 8 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, 9; III: 335; IV: 327329 data, III: 136 reproductive outcomes, I: 510511, 598 Agent White, I: 27, 90, 9293, 97, 115, 189; respiratory cancer, I: 11, 466; II: 197198 III: 136, 137; IV: 118119; V: 36, 40; soft-tissue sarcomas, I: 37, 326328, 479 VI: 43, 183185 481, 486488 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, sperm dysfunction, I: 632 data, III: 136 suicide, I: 650 Agricultural/forestry workers, VI: 119, 124 See also Forests; Professional herbicide/ 128 pesticide applicators brain tumors, I: 320, 523; II: 136 Agricultural Health Study (AHS)
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584 INDEX blood abnormalities, I: 125 AHS. See Agricultural Health Study cacodylic acid acute toxicity, I: 188 AIDS/HIV, I: 338, 527, 541, 695; II: 326; IV: cacodylic acid and mechanism of toxicity, 144, 214, 356, 475, 476 II: 5051; IV: 24 Air Force.
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From page 585... ...
INDEX 585 low birthweight in, I: 626, 627; III: 457458 Alberta Cancer Registry, III: 235 melanoma in, III: 313314; IV: 303304 Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan, III: 235 methodology, I: 230231, 385386, 445, Alcohol consumption, I: 507 757762 ALL. See Leukemia multiple myelomas in, I: 562; II: 244, 245; Allergies, II: 327, 329; III: 487488; IV: 469 IV: 373 470 neurological disorders in, I: 659; IV: 441 See also Immune system disorders 443, 445, 454455, 459 ALS.
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586 INDEX Amsterdam, Netherlands, V: 5, 228229, 511 2,4,5-T developmental/reproductive Amyloidosis, IV: 2, 7, 11, 511513; V: 506 toxicity, I: 124, 185; II: 4950 507; VI: 471473 2,4,5-T genotoxicity, I: 184 biologic plausibility, VI: 473 2,4,5-T immunotoxicity, I: 123 scientific literature update, VI: 472 2,4,5-T mechanism of action, III: 4748 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , V: 6, 2,4,5-T mechanism of toxicity, II: 4950; 461465, 524; VI: 420422 IV: 37 biologic plausibility, VI: 420422 2,4,5-T pharmacokinetics, I: 182 clinical features, V: 461 2,4,5-T toxicity profile update summary, II: pesticide exposure and, V: 463465 49; IV: 37 pesticide occupational exposure studies, V: 2,4,5-T toxicokinetics, II: 49; III: 47; IV: 37 462 Ah receptor, I: 3, 123, 134; II: 34, 5153, scientific literature update, VI: 422 5456, 5762; III: 5458, 129; IV: 4, Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 422 30, 386 Anencephaly, IV: 404405 amyloidosis, IV: 512 Angina, I: 708; IV: 135 blood abnormalities, I: 125; IV: 496 See also Circulatory disorders breast cancer, IV: 29, 317318 Animal studies, III: 394396, 524; IV: 254, cacodylic acid acute toxicity, I: 188 256, 269, 275, 279, 290, 293294, 296; cacodylic acid carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, V: 3536; VI: 2930, 3441 187; IV: 5, 387 2,4-D carcinogenicity, I: 118119, 176 cacodylic acid chronic exposure, I: 188189 178; II: 48; III: 47, 396; IV: 37; VI: 36 cacodylic acid developmental toxicity, I: 40 189 2,4-D chronic exposure, I: 179180; IV: 34 cacodylic acid genotoxicity, I: 187188 2,4-D developmental toxicity, I: 124, 180 cacodylic acid mechanism of action, II: 50; 181; III: 46; VI: 3839 III: 4950 2,4-D disease outcomes and mechanisms of cacodylic acid mechanism of toxicity, II: toxicity, II: 4849; III: 3839, 4447; 5051; IV: 24; VI: 4143 IV: 3032, 35 cacodylic acid pharmacokinetics, I: 186 2,4-D genotoxicity, I: 178179; IV: 28, 33; 187 VI: 3640 cacodylic acid renal toxicity, II: 5051 2,4-D immunotoxicity, I: 122123, 181; III: cacodylic acid reproductive toxicity, I: 189 46, 423; IV: 36; VI: 39 cacodylic acid toxicity summary, II: 50; IV: 2,4-D lethality, III: 4445; IV: 35 38 2,4-D mechanism of action, II: 4748; III: cacodylic acid toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 48; 44; IV: 33; VI: 4041 IV: 24, 27, 38; VI: 41 2,4-D mechanism of toxicity, II: 4849; IV: characteristics of, I: 111114; IV: 48 28, 37; VI: 36 epidemiologic studies, IV: 359, 361, 369, 2,4-D neurotoxicity, II: 48; III: 4546, 473; 381 IV: 30, 35; VI: 37 evidentiary role, I: 228; IV: 85, 106, 385, 2,4-D pharmacokinetics, I: 175 515516 2,4-D reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 180, generalizability, I: 112, 113, 114, 118, 122 181; III: 46; IV: 29, 36; VI: 3839 123, 160; IV: 26, 85, 426, 459 2,4-D toxicity profile update summary, II: hepatic abnormalities, I: 124125, 688; IV: 46; IV: 33 25, 57, 5960 2,4-D toxicokinetics, II: 4647; III: 4344; human health relevance of toxicology, III: IV: 24, 27; VI: 3436 3536; IV: 26, 48 2,4,5-T acute toxicity, I: 184 male-mediated disorders, I: 593594 2,4,5-T carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 182 nonhuman primates, I: 151 184; III: 396 picloram in, I: 118, 119, 125, 190192; III: 2,4,5-T chronic exposure, I: 184 51
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INDEX 587 research recommendations, V: 526527 TCDD toxicokinetics, II: 3, 5354; III: 45, squamous cell carcinomas, IV: 284 33; IV: 3, 23, 41, 47 TCDD acute toxicity, II: 7576 toxicity, potential health risks and TCDD and bladder cancer in, IV: 342 contributing factors, III: 106, 107, 108; TCDD and bone/joint cancer in, IV: 290 VI: 4547 TCDD and Hodgkin's disease in, IV: 367 Anthropometry. See Body weight TCDD and leukemia disease in, IV: 380 AOR.
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588 INDEX CDC Birth Defects Study, II: 9; III: 438; B IV: 237 Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, I: 387 B cell function, I: 147, 148 Atlantic Ocean, III: 108 Baltic Sea, II: 329; III: 108, 236, 272, 285, 358, Australia, I: 61, 91, 340, 406, 418, 444, 470, 484, 515 488489, 537, 546, 614615, 633, 702, Baltimore, Maryland, V: 5, 400 710; II: 113, 132, 149, 160, 202, 293; Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, V: 400 III: 216217, 218, 237, 244245; IV: 8, Basal/squamous cell skin cancer 10, 144, 150, 159, 210, 304; VI: 128 biologic plausibility, III: 322; IV: 311; V: Air Force veterans, III: 244 300; VI: 264265 Army veterans, III: 244, 245; IV: 159; VI: epidemiologic studies, III: 317322, 323; 141 V: 296, 297298, 299; VI: 261265 Australian National Service Vietnam herbicide environmental exposure and, III: veterans, III: 273, 286 323; IV: 229, 309; V: 297298, 299 Bureau of Statistics Health Interview herbicide occupational exposure and, III: Survey, 1989-1990, III: 245, 485, 511, 321, 323; IV: 309; V: 296, 297, 298 517 299 Department of Defense, III: 244, 245 herbicides association with, III: 317322, Department of Veterans Affairs, III: 244, 323; V: 295300 245 incidence, III: 319320 Electoral Commission rolls, III: 245 morbidity studies, V: 297298 Health Insurance Medicare, III: 245 mortality studies, III: 319, 321; V: 296 herbicide use by forces, III: 137138 scientific literature update, III: 319320; lung cancer mortality in Vietnam veterans, IV: 309; V: 296, 298299; VI: 261 III: 424 Vietnam veterans and, III: 323; V: 298; VI: National Death Index, III: 245 265 Navy veterans, III: 244 See also Melanomas; Skin cancer Victorian Cancer Registry, III: 232; IV: BASF, I: 312313, 444, 530, 550, 558; II: 130 144; VI: 128 131, 238, 318319, 325, 330331, 332 Vietnam veterans epidemiologic studies, 333, 334, 336; III: 153, 154, 174, 221 III: 9, 273, 285286, 290, 294, 295, 222, 269270, 273, 297, 349, 484, 495, 298, 299, 303, 310, 311, 314, 315, 327, 506, 511; IV: 112, 188189, 257, 260, 329, 339, 340, 343, 346, 349, 353, 355, 271, 285, 290, 301, 333, 343344, 368, 359, 365, 380, 389, 469, 486, 489, 500, 382; V: 108, 135136; VI: 123, 425 506, 512513, 517; IV: 244247, 255, Aktiengesellschaft, III: 221; IV: 137 259, 262, 264, 266, 272, 276, 280, 283, Dioxin Investigation Programme, II: 131 287, 295, 298299, 305308, 310, 313, Occupational Safety and Employee 319, 323326, 332, 334335, 337, 339, Protection Department, II: 131 345, 350, 355, 362363, 371, 376, 380, Basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) , II: 54, 55, 56; 383, 404405; V: 127128, 191193, IV: 49 324, 420 Bayer, III: 154; IV: 112 See also Tasmania Beck's Depression Inventory, I: 650, 651 Austria, IV: 138139, 189, 467468, 500 Belgium, VI: 133, 181, 447, 476477 Autoimmune disease, I: 697699; IV: 475481 Benefits.
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INDEX 589 Biochemical warfare, I: 29, 45 Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; III: 377; IV: 367; Biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 2, 124, V: 361; VI: 319 128; IV: 23, 16, 2022, 26, 29, 106 hormonal effects, VI: 394397 107, 249, 385388; V: 4, 378381, hyperlipidemia, I: 692 516518; VI: 18, 2425, 483485 immune system disorders, VI: 447448 Ah receptor-TCDD interaction, I: 3, 133 immunotoxicity, I: 122, 146151, 181, 192, 137, 439, 452453; III: 129; IV: 48, 86 699; III: 491 altered sperm parameters, I: 634; III: 451 infertility, I: 634; II: 282; III: 451; VI: 372 amyloidosis, V: 505; VI: 473 kidney cancer, V: 338 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VI: 420422 laryngeal cancer, III: 295; IV: 279; V: 271 animal studies, I: 228; II: 176; III: 460462, 272; VI: 234 474475; IV: 431435 leukemia, I: 571; III: 390; IV: 380381; V: basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 322; 372, 376; VI: 333, 337 V: 300; VI: 264265 lipid and lipoprotein disorders, VI: 459463 birth defects, II: 298; III: 444; IV: 403; V: liver disorders, I: 691692; II: 335; III: 404; VI: 365 513514; IV: 270 bladder cancer, III: 351; IV: 342343; V: low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; III: 458; 333; VI: 291 V: 425; VI: 382383 bone/joint cancer, I: 474; III: 304; IV: 290; lung cancer, III: 302; IV: 284; V: 278 V: 282; VI: 245 male-mediated reproductive outcomes, I: brain tumors, I: 525; III: 362; IV: 352; V: 593595; III: 451; IV: 413, 416417, 343; VI: 302 426 breast cancer, II: 217; III: 327, 329; IV: melanoma, III: 317; IV: 305; V: 295; VI: 317318; V: 309; VI: 269270 260 carcinogenicity, I: 116118, 119, 146, 176 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 661; III: 178, 182184, 187, 190191, 439, 451; 475; IV: 448 II: 176; III: 394397; IV: 385387 multiple myeloma, I: 12, 563; III: 383; IV: childhood cancer, I: 630; II: 300; IV: 426; 374; V: 366; VI: 325 VI: 389 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 460; III: chloracne, I: 678; II: 320321; III: 480; IV: 292; IV: 275; V: 268; VI: 230 466; V: 479; VI: 438 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: 474 circulatory disorders, I: 708; III: 518; IV: 475; VI: 409 510; V: 505506; VI: 471 neuropsychological disorders, I: 658; IV: diabetes mellitus, I: 692; II: 335; III: 502 457459; VI: 429430 503; IV: 488; V: 492; VI: 456 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 549; III: 366; endometrial cancer, IV: 322 IV: 358359; V: 355; VI: 312 endometriosis, VI: 478 parkinsonism, VI: 419420 evidentiary role of, I: 111, 114, 223224, perinatal death, III: 453, 458; IV: 413; V: 240241, 434; II: 88, 92, 176; III: 23, 422; VI: 379 106107; V: 2324 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 666; female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; V: 470472; VI: 428 III: 334; IV: 323; V: 316 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 679, 682; II: fetal/neonatal/infant death, I: 624; III: 453 323; III: 482; IV: 468; V: 480 gastrointestinal disorders, III: 513514; V: prostate cancer, III: 343; IV: 331332; V: 502; VI: 466 323324; VI: 282283 gastrointestinal tract cancers, III: 281282; renal cancers, III: 356; IV: 348 IV: 256; V: 246; VI: 221 renal toxicity, I: 179180 genitourinary tract cancers, I: 521522 reproductive outcomes, I: 123124, 180 genotoxicity, I: 178179, 184, 187188, 191 181, 185, 189, 192, 605, 618, 628; II: hepatobiliary cancer, I: 453, 457; III: 286, 300301; III: 458, 460462; IV: 411; 288; IV: 270; V: 263264; VI: 225226 VI: 394397
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590 INDEX respiratory cancers, I: 472 Seveso, Italy, study, II: 287; III: 436 respiratory disorders, I: 713; III: 486; V: summary, II: 295296; IV: 400401 482; VI: 443 TCDD association with, V: 5, 434, sex ratio, VI: 393394 439441 skin cancer, I: 503; IV: 305, 311; VI: 260 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 618; II: soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 500; III: 311; IV: 298; III: 460461 296; V: 287; VI: 251 Vietnam veterans' children and, I: 609615, spontaneous abortion, V: 420; VI: 378 618; II: 288296, 297, 298; III: 435, squamous cell carcinomas, IV: 284 436, 437438; IV: 403; V: 396398; VI: testicular cancer, III: 347; IV: 337; V: 327 364 thyroid homeostasis, VI: 481 See also Cleft lip/palate; Neural tube See also TCDD biologic plausibility defects; Reproductive disorders; Spina Biological samples, I: 2021, 729730 bifida; Teratogenicity Biomarkers Birth Defects Study, II: 9, 290291, 296; III: chloracne as, I: 4, 10, 172173, 262, 401, 147, 436, 438, 439; IV: 405, 429 672674; II: 318; V: 478 See also Centers for Disease Control and exposure assessment and, I: 259262, 280 Prevention (CDC) 284; II: 101104; III: 146147; IV: 111, Births.
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INDEX 591 Boehringer-Ingelheim, I: 313; III: 153154; IV: research recommendations, V: 524 111112; V: 220; VI: 172 scientific literature update, II: 229230; III: Bone development effects, VI: 6869 357359; IV: 351; V: 339, 342; VI: Bone/joint cancer 301302 biologic plausibility, III: 304; V: 282; VI: TCDD association with, IV: 19 245 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 525; II: 228229, children and, I: 628 230; IV: 353; V: 343; VI: 302 chondrosarcomas of the skull, III: 2, 10, Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 358359, 266, 304 361; IV: 352; V: 342; VI: 301302 epidemiologic studies, III: 303305; V: Breast cancer 280282; VI: 242245 agricultural workers and, I: 510; IV: 140 epidemiology, I: 472473; II: 204; III: 302 biologic plausibility, II: 217; III: 327, 329; herbicide association in, I: 13, 473474, IV: 318; V: 309; VI: 269270 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 204205, 249250; epidemiologic studies, II: 214216, 217; III: III: 7, 10, 303305; V: 278282 324328; IV: 318320; V: 302304, herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 308; VI: 265270 303, 305; IV: 289; V: 280 epidemiology, I: 505, 506507; II: 213 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 214; III: 322, 324; IV: 144 303, 305; IV: 288; V: 280 herbicide association in, I: 13; II: 6, 11, 12, incidence of, data by gender/race, for 20, 89, 213217, 249250; III: 7, 10, selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288; 324329; IV: 24, 29, 38, 73; V: 300 VI: 242 309 scientific literature update, II: 204205; III: herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 303; IV: 288; V: 279, 281; VI: 242244 511, 512; III: 328; IV: 315; V: 302303, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 473, 474; II: 204; 304307 IV: 290; V: 282; VI: 245 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 303, 305; 214216; III: 324326, 328; IV: 315; V: IV: 289; V: 281 301, 302, 304 Boston Hospital for Women, II: 291292 histopathology, I: 505506 Brain tumors, I: 339; IV: 350 incidence in US women, data by race, for 2,4-D exposure and, I: 119, 176177 selected age groups, III: 324; IV: 314; agricultural workers and, I: 320; II: 136 V: 301; VI: 265 biologic plausibility, III: 362; IV: 352; V: risk, estimated, II: 218; V: 300301 343; VI: 302 risk factors, I: 507; V: 309 clinical features, I: 522 scientific literature update, III: 326327; epidemiologic studies, II: 136, 229230; III: IV: 315; V: 301, 304307; VI: 266 356361; IV: 198; V: 340343; VI: TCDD association with, V: 5, 6566, 306 296302 307; VI: 81 epidemiology, I: 522523; II: 228229; III: Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 213, 216217, 356 505, 511; III: 329; IV: 318; V: 309; VI: herbicide association in, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 270 7, 12, 21, 229230, 250; III: 8, 12, 21, Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 326, 328; 356362; IV: 19; V: 17, 338343 IV: 316; V: 304 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: See also Reproductive system cancers, 358, 361; IV: 351; V: 341342; VI: 301 women herbicide occupational exposure and, III: Breast milk, VI: 5051, 389 357358, 360; IV: 351; V: 340341; VI: British Columbia, Canada, III: 10, 227228, 301 338, 439440, 447448, 449, 452, 453, incidence, data by gender/race, for selected 457; IV: 419 age groups, III: 356; IV: 351; V: 339; Cancer Incidence File, III: 227 VI: 297 Death File, III: 227
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592 INDEX Division of Vital Statistics, III: 452, 457 Calcium, homeostasis of and 2,4,5-T, II: 4 Health Surveillance Registry, III: 227, 439 California, I: 341; III: 232; VI: 129 Bronchitis, I: 708, 711, 713 See also Irvine, California See also Respiratory disorders Camp Drum, New York, I: 2526, 89 Bronchus cancer. See Lung cancer Canada, I: 11, 319320, 323, 374375, 443, Brown, Jesse, II: 24; III: 24, 25 467468, 537539, 620, 650; II: 8, 132, Bureau of Census, III: 231 135136, 140, 219220, 243, 248; III: Bureau of Labor Statistics, I: 79, 80 226, 232, 303, 309, 335, 344, 348, 353; Burkitt lymphoma, V: 430 IV: 141, 199, 209, 257, 296, 333, 353, n-Butyl esters, I: 27; IV: 117119 360, 374, 381; V: 352; VI: 50, 125126, 176 Census of Agriculture, 1971, II: 135 C Census of Population, 1971, II: 135 Central Farm Register, 1971, II: 135 Ca Mau peninsula, I: 100, 104 Central Farm Register, 1981, II: 135 Cacodylic acid, I: 8889; II: 4; III: 5, 19, 32, Mortality Data Base, II: 135; III: 227 135, 136, 137, 218; IV: 22, 117118, Mortality Study of Canadian Male Farm 133; V: 1, 3, 4; VI: 1, 3, 11, 2021, 41 Operators, II: 135136; III: 224; IV: 43, 118119, 201, 276, 436 140, 198200 acute toxicity, I: 188 Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, II: 139 animal studies, I: 185189; II: 5051; III: Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan, II: 139 34, 38, 48, 4950, 396; IV: 5; VI: 41 Statistics Canada, III: 227 43 See also Alberta, Canada; British Columbia, carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 187; II: 40; III: Canada; Manitoba, Canada; New 396; V: 39 Brunswick, Canada; Ontario, Canada; chemical properties/structure, I: 111, 114, Saskatchewan, Canada 186; II: 38; III: 32; V: 21 Cancer chronic exposure, I: 188189 age-specific incidence, I: 436438; IV: 250, and circulatory disorders, V: 503 267, 273, 277, 281, 288, 292, 300, 314, developmental toxicity, I: 124, 189 321, 327, 335, 346, 351, 356, 365, 372, dimethylarsenic radical formation and, II: 4 378 disease outcomes, III: 34, 50; IV: 25, 31 agriculture workers and, I: 320323, 443; domestic use, I: 185186 II: 136, 137138 genotoxicity, I: 119, 187188 biologic plausibility, I: 116118, 119, 434; kidney toxicity, I: 125; II: 42 II: 176; III: 394397; IV: 249, 256, 270, mechanism of action, II: 50; III: 38, 4950; 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 311, 318, VI: 4143 322, 323, 331, 332, 337, 342, 343, 348, mechanisms of toxicity, II: 5051 352, 358, 359, 367, 374, 380, 381, 385; metabolism, I: 115, 116 VI: 339341 Operation Ranch Hand, use in, IV: 117 children and, I: 14, 594595, 628631; IV: pharmacokinetics, I: 186187 345, 399, 400, 417429; V: 425432 renal toxicity, II: 5051 clinical features, I: 433436 reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 189; II: 42; epidemiologic studies, I: 45, 317, 320323, IV: 403 325326, 367, 383384, 391393, 443 toxicity update summary, II: 50; IV: 23, 33, 445; II: 133138, 147148; IV: 182, 38; V: 3840, 78; VI: 3334, 4143, 251255, 268269, 274275, 277278, 8990 282283, 288289, 292295, 302304, toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 3233, 48; IV: 309310, 315316, 321323, 327329, 24, 2729; V: 3839; VI: 41 336337, 340342, 346347, 351352, Vietnam formulations, I: 186 356358, 365367, 372373, 379380; volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, V: 5, 242393; VI: 5, 201353 data, III: 136
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From page 593... ...
INDEX 593 epidemiology, I: 433, 435438, 442, 525; site groupings for ICD-9 cancer codes, III: II: 175; III: 265266 537539 herbicide association, insufficient evidence TCDD animal studies, I: 138142; II: 176; for determining, I: 1314, 577578; II: III: 394, 396; IV: 306, 311, 317 249250; III: 393; IV: 268, 270, 274, TCDD genotoxicity, I: 143144 279, 286, 302, 305, 311, 314, 318, 321, TCDD in initiation/promotion, I: 116, 142 323, 336, 337, 338, 340, 342, 346, 348, 143, 434, 439 374, 378, 380, 384; VI: 338 TCDD in P450 induction to, I: 144145 herbicide association, limited/suggestive Vietnam civilians, II: 148 evidence of, I: 1012, 574576; II: 247 Vietnam veterans, expected incidence, I: 249; III: 393; IV: 256, 278, 279, 283, 439440, 442, 452, 460461, 473, 475, 331, 373, 384, 385; VI: 338 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 176 herbicide association, no evidence of, I: 12 177; III: 266267 13, 576577; II: 250; III: 393394; IV: Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 391393, 401, 254, 256, 269, 289, 317; VI: 338339 402403, 405, 436438, 444445, 578; herbicide association, sufficient evidence II: 251, 276; III: 397, 430431; IV: 256, of, I: 810, 572574; II: 175, 176, 247; 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 311, III: 390, 392; IV: 295, 358, 367, 384; 318, 323, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, 359, VI: 337338 367, 374, 381, 388; VI: 341 herbicide environmental exposure See also Carcinogen(s) ; Latency effects in epidemiologic studies, I: 444, 469; II: cancer studies; specific cancer sites; 147148; IV: 254, 269, 274, 278, 282, specific cancers; specific tumors 289, 293, 302, 309, 315, 321, 329, 336, Carcinogen(s)
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From page 594... ...
594 INDEX TCDD in, I: 171; II: 76; III: 7475; IV: 23 Agent Orange action/research, I: 5762, 26, 135, 156157; IV: 76, 135, 156 6364; II: 28; III: 25; IV: 125126 157; V: 70 Agent Orange Study, I: 276278; II: 102; See also Circulatory disorders; Myocardial IV: 124 infarction birth defects research, I: 387389, 609612; CART. See Classification and regression tree II: 289; IV: 124; V: 418 method epidemiological studies, II: 113, 155156; CAS.
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From page 595... ...
INDEX 595 production workers exposure studies, I: China, I: 458; II: 188, 320; III: 159, 289; IV: 303318; II: 114118, 128135, 171 273; VI: 203, 226 175, 182183, 191, 193197, 206207, See also Shanghai, China 232, 237238, 273274, 275; III: 170 Chloracne, I: 39 178, 218, 219224, 284, 363364, 378 animal studies, I: 173174; III: 480 379, 386387, 420, 423, 426, 429; IV: biological plausibility, II: 320321; III: 133140, 194197, 252, 257, 258, 260, 480; IV: 466; V: 479; VI: 438 262, 263, 265, 266, 271, 276, 280, 285, chemical production workers and, I: 308, 286, 293, 296, 297, 301, 306, 307, 318, 310, 316; IV: 464, 466 319, 325, 327, 333, 334, 338, 343, 344, clinical features, I: 672673; V: 477478 348, 349, 353, 354, 360, 368, 374, 381, diet and, I: 174; IV: 463464 382; V: 3 epidemiologic studies, I: 674678; II: 318 TCDD contamination in production, I: 91, 320; III: 479480; IV: 135136, 138 126 139, 147, 152, 186, 189, 194, 233; V: See also Herbicides; Industrial accidents 478479; VI: 7, 437438 Chemoreception epidemiology, II: 317318; III: 478479 characteristics of, I: 133134 herbicide association in, I: 10, 678; II: 5, 6, dioxin-responsive enhancers in, I: 135136 20, 318321; III: 6, 7, 20, 24, 479480; estrogen-mediated, I: 145 IV: 185, 463464; V: 14; VI: 13 TCDD dose-response linearity, I: 137138 scientific literature update, II: 318320; III: TCDD hepatotoxicity and, I: 154155 480; IV: 465; V: 478; VI: 437438 TCDD-induced wasting syndrome and, I: Seveso, Italy, accident and, I: 366367; IV: 164 464 See also Ah receptor skin cancer and, I: 502 Child mortality studies, II: 147 TCDD biomarker for, I: 4, 10, 28, 172173, See also Deaths; Mortality studies 262, 401, 672674; II: 3, 318; V: 478 Childhood cancer. See Children, cancer in; Vietnam veterans and, II: 317, 318, 321; III: Neuroblastoma 479, 480; IV: 233, 465466; V: 479; Children VI: 438 spina bifida in Vietnam veterans offspring, Vietnam veterans compensation for, I: 50, II: 910, 296, 298, 309; III: 7, 8, 910, 51, 55, 56; II: 24, 2829, 30, 31 21, 2425, 437438 Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 438 See also Child mortality studies; Children, See also Skin sensitivity cancer in Chlordane, I: 91 Children, cancer in, I: 14, 594595, 628631; Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs)
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From page 596... ...
596 INDEX Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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From page 597... ...
INDEX 597 herbicide association in, I: 1213, 576577; Cynomolgus monkeys, V: 60 II: 7, 12; III: 8, 21; V: 17 Cytochrome P450. See P450 See also Gastrointestinal (GI)
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From page 598... ...
598 INDEX International Register of Workers Exposed Germany herbicide/chemical production to Phenoxy Herbicides and Their workers cancer mortality, III: 423, 429 Contaminants, I: 313314; IV: 137 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality, III: mandated efforts, I: 2021 429; IV: 355 Medline, IV: 252 prostate cancer mortality, III: 426, 427; IV: organization of, I: 737 326; V: 319321 paper/pulp mill workers, I: 341, 364; IV: respiratory cancer mortality, III: 421, 422, 114, 134 423; IV: 273 presentations/reports to committee, I: 739 Seveso, Italy, male cancer mortality, II: 756; II: 343348; III: 533536 271, 275; III: 422, 427; IV: 282 randomized controlled trials, I: 227228 TCDD lethality, III: 7173; V: 6970; VI: 67 reproductive outcomes, I: 593595 See also Child mortality studies; Death research future recommendations, I: 287 certificates; Mortality studies; Perinatal 289, 291, 722725, 729730; IV: 13 death review of, I: 244245 Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) , II: self-reports, I: 270271 2425 state government, I: 60 Defoliants state-sponsored Vietnam veteran studies, I: Agent Orange as, I: 90; IV: 38 400405, 495496; III: 213215, 243 military applications, I: 25, 26; III: 135, 244 137; IV: 117 TCDD production workers, I: 264265; IV: Vietnam herbicide mission maps, I: 99100 134140 Vietnam tactical role of, I: 85 Toxline, IV: 252 See also Herbicides troop location, I: 273279, 287; IV: 121 Dekonta Company, II: 329 Vietnam casualties, I: 8283 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
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From page 599... ...
INDEX 599 Department of Agriculture, US (USDA) , I: 35, Vietnam veteran epidemiologic studies, I: 39, 443; II: 178, 219, 224, 229, 238 50, 393399, 445, 469470, 493495, 239, 248; III: 230, 335, 352; IV: 212, 543547, 562; II: 101, 113, 156157, 213, 257, 259, 262, 264, 267, 301, 345, 201202; III: 209212, 218, 240243; 350, 355, 364, 371, 376, 383 V: 123126, 183187 Agricultural Census, IV: 149 women veterans epidemiological studies, II: extension agents, IV: 144 152153; IV: 399 Department of Air Force, US See also Agent Orange Registry (AOR)
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From page 600... ...
600 INDEX peripheral neuropathy and, relationship, III: mechanism of action, II: 4748; III: 44; V: 471472; V: 468469; VI: 6 3334; VI: 4041 prevalence, data by age/race/gender, III: 492 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 4849; VI: 36 scientific literature update, II: 330331; III: metabolism, I: 115, 116 496, 497; IV: 483; V: 487; VI: 450455 military field tests, I: 26 TCDD and, V: 490 mitochondrial function, V: 3334; VI: 40 type 2 (adult-onset) , IV: 1, 8, 1618, 21, neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305; III: 150151, 182183; V: 485 475 Vietnam veterans and, II: 330; III: 2, 1112, neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 649, 650, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502; IV: 154156, 653 485487; V: 492; VI: 450455, 456 neurotoxicity, II: 48; III: 4546; V: 471; Diamond Shamrock Corporation, I: 34, 35 VI: 37 Diazinon, I: 91 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 256257, Dibenzofurans, I: 126; IV: 41, 64, 138 574 Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
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From page 601... ...
INDEX 601 Dimethylarsinous acid (DMA) , V: 39; VI: 21 TCDD threshold, I: 137138 See also Cacodylic acid TCDD tissue distribution, I: 130 Dinoxol, I: 91; III: 137; IV: 119 Doubs, France, IV: 116; V: 227228; VI: 179 Dioxin.
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From page 602... ...
602 INDEX scientific literature review, V: 508509; VI: 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350 474477 351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, TCDD and, V: 508 375, 380, 382, 388389, 392, 437, 454, Vietnam veterans and, V: 510; VI: 478 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 147 Energy metabolism, VI: 40 150, 224231, 254; V: 226229; VI: England. See United Kingdom 129134, 177182, 540550 Environmental Agents Service (EAS)
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From page 603... ...
INDEX 603 pancreatic cancer and, V: 258 197198, 232234, 238239, 241243; peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: III: 178195, 224232, 335, 364365, 663665 379380, 387388; IV: 134, 140, 144 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 680681 145, 197206; VI: 124128 preterm birth and, III: 459 Air Force personnel involved in herbicide prostate cancer and, II: 221, 222; III: 336, spraying, II: 3132; III: 2829; IV: 338, 342; IV: 329; V: 320321, 322; 232235 VI: 281 altered sperm parameters, I: 632; III: 445 rectal cancer and, V: 255256 449, 450 renal cancers and, III: 353, 354; IV: 347 amyloidosis, IV: 512; V: 507 respiratory cancers and, I: 469; II: 190, 193, autoimmunity, I: 697698; II: 7; III: 488 200201 491 skin cancers and, VI: 256 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 317 soft-tissue sarcomas and, I: 491492; II: 322, 323; V: 296, 297298, 299; VI: 207208; III: 319; IV: 116; V: 285286; 261265 VI: 246250 birth defects, I: 607618; II: 7, 140, 286 spontaneous abortion and, I: 598599; V: 296; III: 436, 437438, 443; IV: 400 414417 405; V: 404; VI: 355365 stillbirth and, I: 620; III: 454 bladder cancer, I: 515517; II: 7, 225227; stomach cancer and, V: 248249 III: 7, 10, 347351; IV: 340342; V: testicular cancer and, III: 344, 345; V: 327 330332, 333; VI: 286292 thyroid homeostasis and, VI: 480 bone/joint cancer, I: 472473; II: 6, 204 uterine cancer and, III: 333 205; III: 7, 10, 303305; IV: 288289; Vietnam exposure studies, III: 156157 V: 280282; VI: 242245 Washington residents, II: 149 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 7, 136, 229230; See also Herbicide exposure assessment; III: 8, 12, 356361; IV: 351352; V: Herbicides; Seveso, Italy; Times Beach, 340343; VI: 296302 Missouri breast cancer, II: 6, 176, 213217, 218; III: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , I: 39, 7, 10, 324328; IV: 315316; V: 302 5960, 93; V: 27; VI: 132 304, 308; VI: 265270 Alsea, Oregon, I: 4243 cancer, I: 45, 59, 317, 320323, 367, 383 directives, IV: 117 384, 391393, 401, 402403, 435445, Science Advisory Board (SAB)
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From page 604... ...
604 INDEX chloracne, I: 674678; II: 5, 6, 318320; hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453455; II: 6, III: 6, 7, 479480; VI: 7, 437438 176, 181187; III: 7, 10, 282288; V: chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 261263; VI: 221226 310311 herbicide environmental exposures, I: 365 circulatory disorders, I: 700707; II: 7, 384; II: 140149, 189, 190, 193, 200 335337; III: 8, 514518; IV: 510; V: 201, 207208, 218, 221, 222, 234, 236, 505; VI: 467471 241, 243, 287288, 297, 306, 312313; cleft lip/palate, I: 373374, 375 III: 197205, 218, 232236, 275, 277, cofounders, possible, V: 527 279281, 283, 285, 287288, 290, 291, cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, II: 7, 297298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 307308; III: 468469; V: 449451; VI: 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 406410 350351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, cohort studies, I: 229232; II: 105109, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388389, 392, 437, 135138, 141147, 154160, 178, 179, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 180, 182183, 186, 187, 190, 192193, 147149, 224231, 255, 269, 274275, 204, 218, 222, 240; III: 170185, 196, 278, 282283, 289, 293, 294, 302303, 197200, 206208, 217; IV: 140143, 315316, 321322, 329, 336, 341, 347, 182206, 222230, 232247; V: 2526; 351352, 357, 366, 372373, 379; V: VI: 124127 23 colon cancer, I: 12, 328329, 576577; II: herbicide exposure assessment for, I: 251 7; III: 8, 276278 259; II: 99109; III: 142146; VI: 165 congressionally mandated, I: 50; II: 5 169 controlled observational, I: 228 herbicide exposure indices development, II: cost of, I: 727 107109 cross-sectional studies, IV: 187, 188, 196, herbicide exposure levels, II: 175 197, 199, 204, 226, 228, 229, 238, 242 herbicide exposure reconstruction model cytogenetic studies, III: 365366 and, I: 725, 726728 developmental studies, IV: 196, 227, 229, herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 231, 242; VI: 6, 354403 107108, 112, 113140, 188189, 190, diabetes mellitus, I: 684685; II: 7, 330 191199, 206207, 214216, 218, 219 331; III: 494502; IV: 482, 488492; V: 220, 222, 232234, 235236, 237243, 492; VI: 448456 286287, 297, 306, 312; III: 170196, Doubs, France, VI: 179180 218, 219232, 274280, 282283, 284, ecological design studies, IV: 231 287, 290, 291, 293294, 296297, 300 endometriosis, VI: 473478 301, 303, 305, 308309, 312, 316, 317, environmental exposure, VI: 129134, 540 321, 323, 324326, 328, 332333, 335 550 336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, evaluation of, I: 300301, 591592, 737 353, 354, 360, 363365, 367369, 372 738; II: 5, 9394; III: 129130; VI: 2 373, 374375, 378380, 381382, 386 evidentiary role of, I: 224225, 228237, 388, 391392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 300, 305; II: 175, 176; III: 265, 266; IV: 459, 467, 483485, 489, 491, 496, 510 104105 512, 515516, 520; IV: 134143, 182 female reproductive system/breast cancers, 223, 251254, 268269, 274, 277278, I: 508511; II: 6, 211213; III: 7, 10, 282, 288289, 292293, 302, 321, 327 330334; V: 311316; VI: 265275 329, 336, 340341, 346, 351, 356, 365 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 446447; II: 366, 372, 379 7, 177181; III: 8, 12, 268281; V: 246; herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 323326; VI: 203221 II: 3132, 120122, 137138, 198200; gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; II: 334; III: III: 182185, 226228; IV: 202206 510513; IV: 505; V: 502 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9, 329, 331, 335336, hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686688 341, 384, 391, 393, 549556, 574; II: 5,
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From page 605... ...
INDEX 605 6, 138, 235236; III: 6, 7, 372376; V: neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 649657; II: 357360; VI: 313319 7, 148; III: 468469 immune modulation, I: 693696 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 328, 329, immune system disorders, II: 7, 327329; 330, 331, 333334, 335338, 383, 384, III: 488491; IV: 480481; V: 484485; 391393, 401, 528548, 573574; II: 5, VI: 443448 6, 134135, 136, 138, 139, 231234; infant death, III: 456 III: 6, 7, 362371, 428430; IV: 356 infertility, I: 632633; II: 7, 280282; III: 358; V: 345355; VI: 303312 445449, 450; VI: 365372 NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 kidney cancer, I: 515; II: 7, 139140, 224 occupational exposures, VI: 496539 225; III: 352355; VI: 292296 ovarian cancer, III: 333 laryngeal cancer, II: 202203; III: 293295; pancreatic cancer, III: 280281 V: 270271; VI: 230234 paper/pulp workers, II: 126127, 200, 243; latency (cancer) issues, II: 260276; III: III: 196, 232; IV: 134, 252; VI: 128 407431 129 leukemia, I: 13, 332333, 334335, 564 parkinsonism, VI: 410420 571, 577578; II: 7, 136, 245247; III: perinatal death, I: 620624; II: 7, 285286; 7, 10, 385390, 391392; IV: 379380; III: 451453, 454, 455, 456; V: 421 V: 369372; VI: 325337 422; VI: 378379 limitations, I: 4, 223; VI: 23 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: lipid abnormalities, I: 688690; II: 7, 333 662666; II: 6, 7, 310311, 312314; 334; III: 504506, 520521; IV: 493, III: 7, 8, 470471, 473; VI: 423429 495; VI: 457463 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680682; II: 5, liver cancer, I: 13, 329, 391, 393 6, 129, 321323; III: 7, 8, 481482; V: liver toxicity, II: 332333; III: 510513; 480; VI: 439440 IV: 499; VI: 463466 proportionate mortality studies, I: 232233 low birthweight, I: 626627; II: 7; III: 456 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518519, 575576; 457, 459; V: 425; VI: 379383 II: 6, 176, 219223; III: 7, 8, 9, 335 lung cancer, III: 296298, 300301; IV: 342, 426428; IV: 327329; V: 319 282283; V: 274277; VI: 234241 323; VI: 275283 melanoma, III: 313317; V: 288294; VI: Quail Run, Missouri, VI: 132 251261 Ranch Hand cohort, II: 31, 32, 109, 150 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237238, 242243, 244 152, 154156, 201, 209, 280, 283284, metabolic and digestive disorders, II: 7, 286, 293295, 321322, 330, 332, 336; 330337; VI: 463466 III: 2829, 218, 206207, 237240, molecular and cellular end points, V: 26 309310, 313314, 318, 321, 322, 339, motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 658 340, 385, 436, 438, 439, 446447, 449, 661; II: 7, 309310; III: 469470; VI: 452453, 457458, 481, 486, 495, 498, 410422 502; IV: 13, 232235; VI: 56 multiple myeloma, I: 1112, 331, 334, 335, rare diseases in, I: 231, 499 336, 341, 557563, 576; II: 6, 138139, recommendations, I: 1520, 721725, 731; 176, 237244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377383; V: II: 2425; III: 23; V: 523527; VI: 10 363366; VI: 319325 rectal cancer, III: 278279 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 6, renal cancer, VI: 292296 176, 187189; III: 7, 10, 290291; V: reproductive outcomes, I: 4142, 311312, 267; VI: 226230 321, 364365, 368, 370, 371375, 387 neonatal death, III: 455 388, 389390, 591592; II: 280282, neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 283284, 285, 286296; III: 436, 437 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 305308, 309 438, 443, 445449, 450, 451453, 454, 311, 312314; III: 457; VI: 406410 455, 456457, 459; IV: 401402, 406 neurological disorders, I: 365366, 642 407, 410411; VI: 354403 648; II: 141; VI: 6, 404435
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From page 606... ...
606 INDEX resolution in, I: 242243; IV: 513 testicular cancer, I: 405, 519; II: 7, 153, resolving power of, V: 23 227228; III: 7, 10, 343346; IV: 336; respiratory cancers, I: 1011, 364, 461472, V: 325327; VI: 283286 575; II: 6, 176, 189203; III: 7, 8, 9, thyroid homeostasis, VI: 478481 418, 420426; IV: 273, 278, 282, 284 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 368370; II: 144; respiratory disease, I: 709713; II: 7, 324 III: 200201, 218, 234, 283; IV: 115 326; III: 483486; IV: 475; VI: 440 116, 133, 148; VI: 132, 179 443 uroporphyrins, VI: 7 Seveso, Italy, population studies, I: 4445, usefulness of, IV: 103108 365368, 444, 454455, 469, 491492, uterine cancer, III: 333; IV: 321324 503, 511, 517, 523, 540, 568570, 571, Vietnam environmental herbicide exposure, 598599; II: 141143, 148, 200201, II: 144145; III: 201202, 218, 234, 206, 207208, 209, 210, 211212, 213, 283; VI: 132133, 181182 216, 221, 225, 226227, 228, 230, 234, Vietnam veterans in, I: 50, 5759, 6263, 236, 243, 245, 246, 287, 299300, 312 384418; II: 149161, 189, 190, 201 313; III: 197200, 218, 232233, 283, 202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216, 285, 290, 296, 297298, 299, 303, 307, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 309, 314, 318, 324326, 327, 330, 331, 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 244, 245, 332, 336, 338, 344, 348, 349, 352, 353, 246, 278, 283, 285, 286, 288296, 299, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 300301, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 386, 388389, 390, 408, 414, 420, 422, 313, 314, 317, 318, 321322, 323, 330, 427, 436, 449, 495, 505; IV: 114115, 332, 333, 336; III: 206217, 236245, 464, 468, 472475, 484, 487, 491, 501, 275, 277278, 279, 281, 283, 285286, 507, 509; VI: 129132, 177179 288, 290, 291, 294295, 298, 301, 303, skin cancer, I: 502503; II: 7, 209211; III: 305, 309310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, 8, 10, 312313; IV: 302303; VI: 251 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343 265 344, 345346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 358 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 8, 311, 326328, 359, 361, 363, 365, 370371, 372, 373, 329330, 335336, 337, 339340, 384, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 435, 391, 393, 395396, 401, 403, 476, 477 436, 437438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 456, 500, 572573, 574; II: 5, 6, 132, 134 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, 475, 135, 205208; III: 6, 7, 306311; IV: 479, 480, 481, 482, 485486, 489, 491, 116, 292296; V: 284287; VI: 245 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505506, 512 251 513, 516518, 523; IV: 150160, 232 sperm abnormal parameters, II: 7; III: 445 247, 255, 269, 275, 278, 282283, 289, 449, 450 294295, 303304, 309310, 316, 322 spina bifida, II: 6; III: 7, 8, 910, 437438; 323, 329, 336337, 342, 347, 352, 357 IV: 404405 358, 366367, 373, 380; VI: 551568 spontaneous abortion, I: 42, 336337, 372 Vietnamese in, I: 370372, 599601; II: 373, 405406, 596605; II: 7, 283284; 108109, 144145, 148, 287288; III: IV: 410411; V: 420; VI: 372378 217, 245, 283; IV: 116117, 227228 state-sponsored, I: 399405, 495496, 546; Epidemiology, VI: 57, 118164 II: 153, 158159, 161, 202, 292; III: acute lymphocytic leukemia, III: 383 213215, 243244 acute myeloid leukemia, III: 383384 stillbirth, III: 454 birth defects, I: 606; II: 286; III: 435436 stomach cancer, III: 274275; IV: 251255 bladder cancer, II: 223; III: 347 strength of evidence in assessment of, I: bone/joint cancer, I: 472473; II: 204; III: 238241 302 tables of, VI: 495568 brain tumors, I: 522523; II: 228229; III: TCDD biomarkers, I: 259262; II: 101 356 105, 318
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From page 607... ...
INDEX 607 breast cancer, I: 505, 506507; II: 213214; stillbirth/neonatal deaths/infant death, III: III: 322, 324 451 cancer, I: 433, 435438, 442, 525; II: 175; testicular cancer, I: 515; II: 223224; III: III: 265266; VI: 5 343 children, cancer in, II: 298 See also Epidemiologic studies chloracne, II: 317318; III: 478479 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) , I: 145, 154; II: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, III: 384385 59, 7374; III: 77, 97; IV: 51, 64, 66 chronic myeloid leukemia, III: 385 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
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From page 608... ...
608 INDEX F Vietnam forests, I: 3132, 62, 90, 104; III: 137 Farmers. See Agricultural/forestry workers See also Agricultural/forestry workers; Fecundity Ratio (FR)
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From page 609... ...
INDEX 609 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: laryngeal cancer incidence, data by gender, 178179; III: 268271, 274275, 276 III: 292; IV: 277; V: 268; VI: 231 277, 278279, 280; IV: 251; V: 500 leukemia incidence, data by type and gender, 501 III: 384; IV: 378; V: 367; VI: 326 incidence, data by type/gender/race/selected liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers age group, III: 267; IV: 250 incidence, data by gender, III: 282; IV: pancreatic cancer, epidemiologic studies, 267; V: 260; VI: 222 III: 280281; IV: 250254, 256, 385 lung cancer incidence, data by gender, III: 386; V: 257259; VI: 72, 217219 296; IV: 281; V: 272; VI: 235 rectal cancer, epidemiologic studies, III: melanoma incidence, data by gender, III: 278279; IV: 250251, 255256, 262n, 313; IV: 300; V: 288; VI: 252 264n, 385; V: 254256; VI: 214216 multiple myeloma incidence, data by scientific literature update, II: 178180; III: gender, III: 377; V: 361; VI: 320 268273; IV: 251255; V: 245; VI: nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data 219220 by gender, III: 289; IV: 273; V: 265; stomach cancer, epidemiologic studies, VI: VI: 227 205208 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data Vietnam veterans and, I: 446, 452; II: 177, by gender, III: 362; IV: 356; V: 344; 180, 181; III: 272273, 275, 277278, VI: 303 279, 281; IV: 255; V: 502; VI: 221 renal cancers incidence, data by gender, III: See also Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; 352; VI: 292 Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders Seveso, Italy, in, IV: 148 GBDS.
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From page 610... ...
610 INDEX Geneva Protocol, I: 45; II: 27; III: 25 H Genitourinary cancers, II: 223224 See also Bladder cancer and disorders; Half-life studies, VI: 5154 Kidney cancer; Prostate cancer; Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, I: 125, Testicular cancer 126, 151; IV: 41, 58, 68, 77 Genotoxicity, V: 38; VI: 3640 hepatic enzyme induction and, I: 155 Geographic information system (GIS) , VI: Halsted Reitan (HR)
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From page 611... ...
INDEX 611 1314, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473474, 512, See also Epidemiologic studies; specific 521, 571, 577578, 605, 618, 624, 627, cancer sites; specific cancers; specific 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, 708, 713, diseases and disorders 727; II: 67, 1112, 2021, 22, 97, 181 Healthy worker effect, I: 230 187, 249250, 282, 284, 285286, 298, Hearing loss, I: 659660 300, 325, 329, 334335, 337; III: 78, Heart disease, VI: 7 1012, 21, 132, 133, 292, 304, 316, Heart neoplasms. See Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS)
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From page 612... ...
612 INDEX Herbicide application methods immune system disorders and, I: 14, 699; military early research, I: 2526 II: 7, 21, 329; III: 491, 522; IV: 7; V: Operation Ranch Hand use, I: 8587; III: 484485; VI: 9, 14 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 infertility and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 282, 300; Vietnam use, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 74, 8587, 94 III: 449, 458; IV: 7 96; III: 135142; V: 229232 leukemia and, I: 13, 571, 577578; II: 7, 20, See also Aerial spraying; Ground/perimeter 247; III: 7, 10, 390, 393; IV: 7, 198; V: spraying; Herbicides; Professional 372; VI: 8, 14 herbicide/pesticide applicators lipid abnormalities and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, Herbicide association, insufficient evidence for 335; III: 507, 522 determining liver cancer and, I: 13, 457, 577 altered sperm parameters and, I: 14, 634; II: liver toxicity and, II: 335; III: 513, 522 7, 20; III: 449, 458; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 low birthweight and, I: 14, 627; II: 7, 20; amyloidosis, IV: 7; V: 507; VI: 9, 14 III: 458; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: melanoma and, III: 316; V: 294 322, 393; IV: 311; V: 299300 metabolic and digestive disorders and, II: basis for finding of, I: 13, 247, 577; II: 67, 334335; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 1112, 2021, 22, 97, 249250; III: 7 motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 14, 8, 1012, 21, 133, 393 661; II: 7, 21, 310, 314; III: 474; IV: 7; birth defects and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 298, VI: 9, 14 300; III: 444, 458; IV: 7; V: 404; VI: 9, nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 13, 460, 14 577; II: 6, 20, 189; III: 7, 10, 292, 393; bladder cancer and, III: 7, 10, 132, 349, IV: 7; V: 267; VI: 8, 14 351, 393; IV: 7, 19; V: 333; VI: 8, 14 neonatal/infant deaths and stillbirths, IV: 7 bone/joint cancer and, I: 13, 473474, 577; neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: 473 II: 6, 20, 205; III: 7, 10, 304, 393; IV: 7; 474; VI: 9, 14 V: 281282; VI: 8, 14 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 14, 657, breast cancer and, II: 217; III: 7, 10, 327, 666; II: 7, 20, 308309, 314; III: 473 393; IV: 7; V: 308; VI: 8, 14 474; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: perinatal death and, I: 14, 624; II: 7, 20, 311, 314; IV: 7; VI: 9, 14 285286, 300; III: 453, 458; V: 421 circulatory disorders and, I: 14, 708; II: 7, 422; VI: 9, 14 21, 337; III: 518, 522; IV: 7; V: 505; peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: VI: 9, 14 14, 666; II: 21; III: 474; VI: 8, 14 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, I: renal cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, 14, 657658; II: 7, 20, 308309, 314; 225; III: 7, 10, 355, 393; IV: 7; VI: 9, III: 473474; IV: 441; VI: 9, 14 14 diabetes mellitus and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, research recommendations, I: 19, 727 335; III: 503, 522; V: 492; VI: 8, 14 respiratory disorders and, I: 14, 713; II: 7, female reproductive system/breast cancers 21, 325; III: 486, 522; IV: 7; V: 482; and, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 20, 213; VI: 8, 14 III: 7, 10, 332, 334, 393; IV: 7; V: 316; skin cancers, II: 210211; III: 8, 10, 21, VI: 8, 14 393; IV: 7, 19; VI: 8, 14 gastrointestinal tract ulcers and, I: 14, 691; spontaneous abortions and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, II: 335; III: 513, 522; V: 502; VI: 9, 14 20, 284, 300; IV: 7; VI: 8, 14 genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 13, 521, testicular cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 577 20, 228; III: 7, 10, 346, 393; IV: 7; V: hepatic enzyme abnormalities and, I: 14, 691 325, 327; VI: 8, 14 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 13, 577; II: 6, Vietnam veterans' children, cancer in, I: 14, 20, 187; III: 7, 10, 286, 393; IV: 7; V: 630; II: 7, 20, 300; IV: 7; V: 430431 263; VI: 8, 14
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From page 613... ...
INDEX 613 Herbicide association, limited/suggestive cancer and, I: 810, 572574; II: 247; III: evidence 390, 392; IV: 6, 1718 acute and subacute transient peripheral chloracne and, I: 10, 678; II: 5, 6, 20, 320; neuropathy, II: 314; III: 7, 8, 21, 474; III: 6, 7, 20, 480, 519; IV: 6, 1718; V: IV: 6, 1819; VI: 15 479; VI: 13 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) , IV: 7; Hodgkin's disease and, I: 8, 910, 556557, V: 372 573574; II: 5, 6, 20, 236; III: 6, 7, 20, basis for finding of, I: 1012, 247, 574 373, 374, 390; IV: 6, 1718; V: 360; 575; II: 6, 810, 20, 22, 97, 247249; VI: 13 III: 7, 810, 2021, 133, 393 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 89, 10, birth defects, IV: 6, 1819; V: 405 548, 573574; II: 5, 6, 20, 234; III: 6, 7, cancer, I: 1012, 519521, 574576; II: 20, 366, 390; IV: 6, 1718; V: 354355; 247249; III: 393 VI: 13 diabetes, type 2, IV: 6; VI: 8, 14 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 10, 682; II: laryngeal cancer, III: 295, 393; V: 268272 5, 6, 20; III: 20; IV: 6, 1718; V: 479; lung cancer, III: 299, 393; V: 278 VI: 13 multiple myeloma, I: 10, 1112, 563, 574, soft-tissue sarcoma and, I: 8, 910, 500; II: 576; II: 6, 20, 244; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 383, 5, 6, 20, 208; III: 6, 7, 20, 311, 390; IV: 393; IV: 6, 1819; V: 365; VI: 15 6, 1718; V: 287; VI: 13 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314 Herbicide exposure assessment, VI: 45, 165 peripheral neuropathy, II: 6; VI: 15 200 porphyria cutanea tarda, II: 6, 323; III: 7, 8, agricultural/forestry workers studies, III: 20, 482, 519; IV: 6, 1819; V: 480; VI: 154155; IV: 111113 15 biomarkers for, I: 17, 259262, 280284; II: prostate cancer, I: 11, 519521, 575576; 101104; IV: 111 II: 6, 20, 223; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 340, 342, cancer studies use, I: 436439 393; IV: 6, 10, 1819; V: 316; VI: 15 case-control studies use, I: 256257; IV: research recommendations, I: 19, 727 124 respiratory cancers, I: 1011, 472, 574, 575; Centers for Disease Control Agent Orange II: 6, 20, 203; III: 7, 8, 9, 20; IV: 6, 18 Study, I: 58; II: 102; IV: 124125 19; VI: 15 Centers for Disease Control exposure spina bifida, II: 6, 298, 300; III: 7, 8, 910, opportunity index, I: 274276, 611612; 21, 444, 458; IV: 7, 1819; VI: 8, 14 III: 147148; IV: 124125 Herbicide association, limited/suggestive Centers for Disease Control validation negative evidence study, I: 59, 260261, 281284, 387; II: basis for finding of, I: 1213, 224, 247, 103, 104; IV: 125126 576577; II: 7, 1213, 21, 97, 250; III: Centers for Disease Control Vietnam 8, 12, 2122, 133, 393394, 522; IV: 7, Experience Study, II: 101; III: 240; IV: 1920 123 brain tumors, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 7, 21, 230; cohort studies use, I: 254256; II: 107109 III: 8, 12, 21, 359, 394; IV: 7; V: 343 cumulative exposure, III: 144 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 1213, 447 current estimates, I: 284287 451, 576577; II: 7, 21, 177181; III: 8, data sources (existing)
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From page 614... ...
614 INDEX dioxin congeners, recent literature, II: 106 TCDD half-life investigation, II: 104105; 107; III: 158159 III: 157158; IV: 112, 115116, 125 environmental studies use, I: 262263, 267 126 270; III: 156157; IV: 111, 114116 Times Beach, Missouri, case, I: 268, 368 epidemiologic studies evaluation and, II: 369 99101; III: 142146; VI: 165169 Vietnam military records in, I: 271280; evidentiary role of, I: 4, 15, 250253; VI: IV: 125 45, 2829, Vietnam service as element of, I: 271, 284 exposure-dose relationship, I: 252253 287; II: 101104; III: 146150 ground spraying, I: 288289; III: 138140 Vietnam spray data, I: 273279 historic exposure reconstruction, I: 1718, Vietnam troop movement data in, I: 9596, 1920, 254, 255256, 725726, 728; 273279, 287 III: 143 Vietnamese population, I: 108109, 269, indices development, II: 107109; III: 161 731; III: 156157; IV: 148149 162 workshop on, I: 746747 individual differences, I: 261, 286 See also Environmental herbicide exposure; industrial exposure, VI: 177181 Herbicide exposure reconstruction job exposure matrix, I: 259262 model; Herbicides; Occupational literature update, II: 104109; III: 157162 herbicide exposure methodological issues, II: 45; III: 56 Herbicide exposure reconstruction model misclassification bias in, I: 17, 257259, data sources, I: 725726 724 epidemiologic research and, I: 726728 non-military settings and, I: 45, 15, 222 evaluation of, I: 18, 289290, 726; II: 25 223, 241242 recommendations, I: 1516, 1720, 287 occupational studies use, I: 262267, 269 290, 291, 721722, 725728; II: 25 270; II: 107108; III: 150156; V: 217 Request for Proposals (RFP) , II: 2526; IV: 225; VI: 169177 5 paper/pulp mill workers, I: 266267; III: See also Herbicide exposure assessment; 155156; IV: 114, 134 Herbicides process perspective, I: 252253 Herbicide/pesticide applicators.
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From page 615... ...
INDEX 615 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 306, early concerns about, I: 1719, 2932, 35 311, 318, 322, 323, 331, 332, 337, 342, 36; II: 26; III: 25 343, 348, 352, 358, 359, 367, 374, 380 environmental exposure studies, I: 140149, 381, 385; V: 25 184, 186, 189, 190, 193, 200201, 221, birth defects association, II: 286298; III: 222, 234, 236, 241, 243, 287288, 306, 436444; IV: 403 312313; II: 271272, 275, 277, 279 bladder cancer association, II: 225227; III: 281; III: 197205, 218, 232236, 283, 7, 10, 132, 347351; IV: 342; V: 328 285, 287288, 290, 291, 297298, 301, 333 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, bone/joint cancer association, II: 204205; 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350351, 353, III: 7, 10, 303305; IV: 289; V: 278 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 282 382, 388389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, brain tumors association, II: 229230; III: 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 249, 254255, 8, 12, 356362; IV: 352 258, 261, 263, 266, 269, 271, 274, 276, breast cancer association, II: 213217; III: 278, 280, 282, 286, 289, 291, 293, 297, 7, 10, 324329; IV: 318; V: 300309 302, 305306, 309, 312, 314316, 319, cancer latency issues, II: 2, 1314, 175, 321, 323, 325326, 328329, 334, 336, 260276; III: 3, 1214, 407431; IV: 338, 341, 344, 347, 349, 351, 354, 356 289 357, 361, 366, 369, 372, 375, 379, 382 cancer risk and development, II: 1314, 383 175; III: 1214, 265266 Environmental Protection Agency research carcinogenicity, I: 118119; II: 175; III: activities, II: 32; III: 2930 265266; IV: 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, evidence insufficient for determining 290, 296, 305, 311, 318, 323, 332, 337, association in health outcomes, I: 13 342, 348, 352, 358, 367, 374, 380, 387 14, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473474, 512, cervical cancer association, III: 332; IV: 521, 571, 577578, 605, 618, 624, 627, 323 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, 708, 713, chemistry of, II: 38 727; II: 7, 1112, 2021, 22, 97, 181 childhood cancer association, II: 299300; 187, 189, 205, 210211, 213, 217, 225, IV: 424425 228, 247, 282, 284, 285286, 298, 300, chloracne association, II: 318320; III: 6, 7, 308309, 310, 311, 314, 325, 329, 334 479480; IV: 466 335, 337; III: 78, 1012, 21, 132, 133, chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy 286, 292, 304, 316, 322, 327, 332, 334, and, II: 310311 346, 349, 351, 355, 390, 393, 444, 449, circulatory disorders association, II: 335 453, 458, 473474, 486, 491, 503, 507, 337; III: 3, 514518; IV: 510 513, 518, 522; IV: 268, 270, 274, 275, cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 279, 288, 289, 302, 305, 308, 311, 314, 307309; III: 468469; IV: 443; V: 318, 321, 323, 329, 336, 337, 342, 348, 449451 374, 380, 384, 400, 403, 406, 407, 410 congressional hearings, II: 2728; III: 25 414, 416, 418, 424, 425, 426, 430432, congressional legislation on, II: 2829; III: 441443, 448, 454457, 475, 480, 495, 2627 500, 505, 506, 510, 512, 514 Department of Veterans Affairs activities, evidence limited/suggestive of association II: 2931; III: 2728; IV: 151, 157158 in health outcomes, I: 1012, 19, 247, developmental toxicity, I: 124; IV: 403, 472, 519521, 563, 574576, 727; II: 6, 413, 416, 431, 434 810, 20, 22, 97, 203, 223, 244, 298, diabetes mellitus association, II: 330331, 300, 314, 323; III: 7, 810, 2021, 133, 334335; III: 2, 1112, 125, 494503 295, 299, 340, 342, 383, 393, 444, 458, disease outcomes of exposure, III: 615, 474, 482, 519; IV: 7 3335, 3843, 4447, 48, 50, 71105
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From page 616... ...
616 INDEX evidence of no association in health lung cancer and, III: 296302, 421, 422, outcomes, I: 1213, 224, 247, 447451, 423, 424; IV: 284; V: 272278 503, 521, 525, 576577; II: 7, 1213, mechanism of action, II: 36; III: 33, 38, 44, 21, 22, 97, 181, 227, 230; III: 8, 12, 21 4748, 4950, 5371 22, 133, 268, 273, 282, 359, 393394, mechanisms of toxicity, II: 37 522; IV: 251, 256, 340, 351, 352, 385, melanoma association, III: 313317; IV: 514 306; V: 287295 evidence sufficient of association in health metabolic and digestive disorders outcomes, I: 810, 246247, 500, 548, association, II: 330335; III: 3 556557, 572574, 678, 682; II: 5, 6, 8, military research and development, I: 2526 19, 20, 21, 97, 208, 234, 236, 320; III: military (US) use ban, I: 32, 45; VI: 182 6, 7, 8, 20, 132133, 311, 366, 373, 186 374, 390, 392, 480, 519; IV: 6 motor/coordination dysfunction and, II: exposure assessment issues, II: 45, 99 309310; III: 469470 109; III: 56, 135162 multiple myeloma assocation, II: 237244; federal government response to concerns III: 7, 8, 9, 377383; IV: 512; V: 361 over military use of in Vietnam, II: 27 366 32; III: 2530 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 2, 176, female reproductive cancers association, II: 187189; III: 7, 10, 290292; IV: 275; 211213; III: 7, 10, 330334 V: 264268 gastrointestinal tract cancers association, II: neural tube defects associated with 177181; III: 8, 12, 268282; IV: 256 herbicides, numbers, II: 297 gastrointestinal ulcers association, II: 334 neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305, 306, 335; III: 510514 314; III: 3, 467, 468, 473476; IV: 457 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 2, 176, 181 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma association, II: 187; III: 7, 10, 282288; IV: 270; V: 231234; III: 6, 7, 362371, 428430; 259264 IV: 358; V: 343355 Hodgkin's disease association, II: 235236; occupational exposure settings, I: 3638; III: 6, 7, 372376; IV: 367; V: 355361 III: 150156 immune system disorders and, II: 327329; occupational exposure studies, II: 113140, III: 3, 488491; IV: 480 182184, 186, 188189, 190, 191200, immunotoxicity, I: 122123 214216, 219220, 222, 232234, 235 infertility association, II: 280282; III: 445 236, 237243, 286287, 306, 312; III: 451; IV: 407 170196, 218, 219232, 268271, 274 International Agency for Research on 281, 282283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293 Cancer research activities, III: 30; IV: 294, 296297, 300301, 303, 305, 308 17, 133, 137139, 252 309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324326, laryngeal cancer and, II: 202203; III: 292 328, 332333, 335336, 337, 338, 341, 295; IV: 279 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357358, latency and cancer risk, II: 1314, 175, 360, 363365, 367369, 372373, 374 260276; III: 3, 1214, 265, 407431 375, 378380, 381382, 386388, 391 leukemia association, II: 245246; III: 7, 392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 10, 385390, 391392; IV: 380; V: 483485, 489, 491, 496, 510512, 515 366372 516, 520; IV: 114, 249, 251, 253, 255 lipid abnormalities association, II: 333335; 257, 259, 262, 265, 268, 270271, 273 III: 504508, 520521; IV: 495 274, 276282, 285, 288290, 292, 296, liver toxicity association, II: 332333, 334 300303, 305307, 309, 312, 315, 317 335; III: 510514; IV: 505 318, 321, 324325, 327329, 331333, low birthweight and, III: 456458, 459; IV: 336, 338, 340342, 346348, 351, 353, 416 356, 358361, 364365, 368369, 371 374, 377, 379, 381, 383
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From page 617... ...
INDEX 617 Operation Ranch Hand volume use, data by Vietnam veterans' cancer risk and latency, herbicide type, III: 136 II: 276; III: 1213, 430431 ovarian cancer association, III: 333 Vietnam veterans' disease increased risk, II: perinatal death association, II: 285286; III: 14, 2223, 88, 91, 298, 300301, 321, 451454, 455, 456; IV: 413; V: 421 323; III: 1213, 1415, 2223, 124, 422 127128, 329, 334, 343, 430431, 444, porphyria cutanea tarda association, II: 462, 475476, 491, 503, 507508, 525; 321323; III: 7, 8, 481482; IV: 468 IV: 2, 9, 12, 20, 103, 105106, 124 preterm birth and, III: 456458, 459 Vietnam veterans' exposure concerns, II: prostate cancer association, II: 2, 176, 217 2632 223, 273275; III: 7, 8, 9, 335343, Vietnam veterans' exposure studies, II: 426428; IV, 10; V: 316324 149161, 185, 187, 189, 190, 201202, renal cancer association, II: 224225; III: 7, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216 10, 352356; IV: 348 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, reproductive toxicity, I: 124; II: 278301; 228, 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 244, III: 434435 245, 246, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 288 research recommendations, II: 2324; III: 296, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 23; IV: 13 318320, 321323, 324326, 327329, respiratory cancers and, II: 189203, 268 330337; III: 206217, 236245, 272 273; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420426 273, 275, 277278, 279, 281, 282283, respiratory disorders association, II: 335 287288, 290, 291, 294295, 298, 301, 337; III: 3, 483486 303, 305, 309310, 312, 316, 317, 323, skin cancers association, II: 209211; III: 8, 326, 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 10, 312; IV: 305 343344, 345346, 349, 351, 353, 355, soft-tissue sarcomas association, II: 205 358359, 361, 363, 365, 370371, 372, 208; III: 6, 7, 306311; IV: 384; V: 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 282287 435, 436, 437438, 445, 446, 450, 454, spontaneous abortions association, II: 283 455, 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 284; IV: 411; V: 409421 473, 475, 479, 480, 481, 482, 485486, statistical association with diseases, II: 88, 489, 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505 9091; III: 12, 6, 124, 126127; V: 506, 512513, 516518, 521; IV: 249 2223 250, 255256, 259, 262, 264, 266267, TCDD contamination of, I: 2, 3, 27, 9192, 269270, 272, 275276, 278281, 283 114, 126127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 3, 4, 5, 284, 287, 289292, 294, 296, 298299, 140142 301, 303311, 313314, 316320, 322 testicular cancer association, II: 227228; 327, 329332, 334336, 338340, 342 III: 7, 10, 343347; IV: 337; V: 324 343, 345, 347348, 350, 352353, 355 328 359, 362364, 366367, 370371, time-related factors and cancer risk, II: 373374, 376378, 380381, 383, 387 263264, 270, 271, 273, 274; III: 411 388; VI: 182191 412, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429 See also 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid toxicity profiles update, II: 4577; III: 43 (2,4-D) ; 2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodibenzo-p 108 dioxin (TCCD)
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From page 618... ...
618 INDEX exposure assessment; Herbicide incidence, data by race/gender, for selected exposure reconstruction model; age groups, III: 372; IV: 365; V: 355; Occupational herbicide exposure; VI: 313 Phenoxy herbicides; Professional research recommendations, I: 19, 727 herbicide/pesticide applicators; scientific literature update, II: 235236; III: Selective herbicides 372373; IV: 365; V: 356 HERBS tapes, I: 20, 9798, 602, 725; II: 108 Vietnam veterans and, I: 258, 526, 554 109; IV: 123, 125; VI: 190 556; II: 231, 236; III: 372, 373, 376; IV: contents, I: 9697, 273 366; V: 359360, 361; VI: 318 deficiencies, I: 97, 104105 Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 24, 30, exposure assessment use, I: 273279, 287, 31 291; III: 146, 148 Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 319 source of, I: 62, 85, 96 See also Malignant lymphomas Hercules Inc., I: 35 Hoffman-Taff, I: 40 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Honolulu Heart Program, 461 (HxCDD) , II: 64, 65, 67 Hormonal effects 2,2',4,4,'5,5'Hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB)
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From page 619... ...
INDEX 619 Hyperlipidemia, I: 152153, 688, 692 epidemiology, II: 326327; III: 487 See also Lipid and lipoprotein disorders herbicide toxicity, I: 122123; II: 7, 11, 21, Hypertension, I: 705, 706, 707, 708; IV: 135; 327329; III: 3, 488491; V: 483485; VI: 7, 469 VI: 445446 See also Circulatory disorders humoral immunity, I: 147148; II: 6970 Hyperthyroidism immune modulation in, I: 692696, 698 TCDD-induced, I: 168 699; VI: 7, 39 See also Metabolic and digestive disorders; macrophage function, I: 148 Thyroid homeostasis picloram toxicity, I: 192; II: 41; IV: 5 Hypoglycemia research methodology, I: 692 TCDD-induced, I: 166168 scientific literature update, II: 328329; III: See also Metabolic and digestive disorders 489491; V: 484; VI: 445446 Hypospadias, I: 609, 611 suppression in, I: 693; II: 326, 329 See also Reproductive disorders TCDD toxicity, I: 119122, 146151, 338; II: 3, 4041, 6871, 328329; III: 85 92, 488, 489, 490, 491; IV: 26, 3132, I 7781; V: 61, 7475, 484, 517518; VI: 7376 IARC. See International Agency for Research Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 448 on Cancer See also Allergies; Autoimmune disease; ICD.
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From page 620... ...
620 INDEX new studies summary, II: 280281; III: International Labor Organization (ILO) , 446449, 450 II: 324 scientific literature update, V: 406408; VI: International Register of Workers Exposed to 366371 Phenoxy Herbicides and Their Vietnam veterans and, III: 445, 446, 450; Contaminants, I: 313314; II: 131135, V: 408; VI: 371372 220, 232, 235, 238, 245; III: 175177, See also Reproductive disorders 218, 222223 Influenza, I: 713 International Society of Exposure Analysis, II: See also Respiratory disorders 25 Insecticides, I: 8788, 91 Intracellular communication Insomnia.
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From page 621... ...
INDEX 621 See also Lombardy, Italy; Mantua, Italy; Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 522; II: 223, 224, Milan, Italy; Palermo, Italy; Seveso, 225; III: 353, 355; IV: 348; V: 338; VI: Italy 296 IUGR. See Intrauterine growth retardation See also Genitourinary cancers; Wilm's tumor Kidneys J 2,4-D toxicity in, I: 125, 179180; II: 42; IV: 28, 37, 42, 43, 66, 68, 73, 76; V: Japan, II: 237; IV: 414; V: 6, 436; VI: 47, 91, 518 134, 203 arsenic toxicity in, IV: 39 Jerusalem, Israel, V: 508509 cacolydic acid toxity in, II: 42; IV: 387 Job exposure matrix, I: 256 Korean War, II: 150; III: 237; IV: 150; VI: 135 Johnston Island, I: 93 See also South Koreans Joint cancer.
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From page 622... ...
622 INDEX data requirements, II: 264, 265, 266; III: health care associated with Agent Orange, 412, 414, 415, 416; IV: 283 II: 28 epidemiological studies, analysis of, II: Public Law 91-441, I: 47, 62 261266; III: 408412 Public Law 96-151, I: 50, 52, 57; II: 28; III: epidemiological studies, new, III: 419; IV: 26, 240 148, 254, 256, 269, 293, 329, 473, 483, Public Law 97-72, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 484, 506 Public Law 98-181, I: 51 gamma rays and, II: 268; III: 418 Public Law 98-542, I: 5051; II: 2829; III: literature review results, II: 266267; III: 2627 416418, 420424, 426427, 429; IV: Public Law 99-272, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 257, 260, 263, 265, 271, 280, 297, 333, Public Law 100-687, I: 51 343, 353, 368, 375 Public Law 101-239, I: 51 measurement errors, II: 263264; III: 411 Public Law 102-4, I: 2, 7, 20, 21, 51, 572, 412 721, 728730; II: 1, 5, 17, 19, 29, 97, mortality and incidence studies for 247; III: 1, 6, 14, 17, 20, 124, 132, 390, examining, II: 263; III: 410411, 421, 397, 462, 475, 519, 525; IV: 1, 2, 6, 15, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429 103, 132, 388; VI: 1, 7, 11, 20, 341 nickel and, II: 269; III: 420 Public Law 102-585, II: 28; III: 26 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, III: 428430 Public Law 103-452, II: 28; III: 26 potential problems with, II: 264, 265, 266; Public Law 104-110, III: 26 III: 413, 414, 415, 416 Public Law 104-204, III: 24, 26 prostate cancer, II: 273275; III: 426428 Public Law 104-262, III: 26 radon daughters and, II: 268; III: 418 Public Law 105-114, III: 25 random misclassification and, II: 263264; Public Law 107-103, VI: 1 III: 411412 Veterans' Education and Benefits relative risks, II: 264, 265, 266, 271, 275, Expansion Act of 2001, VI: 1 351; III: 412, 413, 414, 415, 418, 420, Veterans' Health Programs Extension and 422, 426427, 428, 430431 Improvement Act of 1979, III: 240 respiratory cancer, II: 268273; III: 418, Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 47, 50 420426; IV: 284, 285; VI: 2 51, 5556; II: 2829; III: 2627 smoking and, II: 268; III: 418; IV: 250, 273 Leiomyosarcomas, I: 475 time-related factors, II: 262, 263264; III: See also Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) 411412, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, Lethality.
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From page 623... ...
INDEX 623 chronic myeloid leukemia, III: 384, 385; epidemiologic studies, I: 45; II: 333, 334; IV: 377378, 417; V: 367 III: 504506, 520521; IV: 479, 493 epidemiologic studies, I: 564572; II: 136, 494, 496497; V: 494, 498; VI: 457 245247; III: 385390, 391392; IV: 463 149, 198; IV: 379380, 381383, 418 epidemiology, II: 333; III: 503504; IV: 422, 427429; V: 369372; VI: 325 492493 337 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: epidemiology, I: 564; II: 245; III: 383385; 520; IV: 493494; V: 496; VI: 458 IV: 377378 herbicide exposure association with, II: 7, herbicide association in, I: 13, 571, 577 21, 333334; III: 504508, 520521; 578; II: 7, 11, 20, 245247, 249250; IV: 493494 III: 7, 10, 385390, 391392; IV: 379 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 380, 385, 418422; V: 366372 520; IV: 493494; V: 495496; VI: herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 458459 388389, 392; IV: 379, 419420; V: scientific literature update, II: 334; III: 504 368, 370371; VI: 332 506, 520, 521; IV: 493494; V: 494; herbicide occupational exposure and, III: VI: 458459 386388, 391392; IV: 379, 418419; TCDD in, I: 152153, 259260; II: 333, V: 368, 369370; VI: 331332 334; III: 505, 506, 507; IV: 471, 474, incidence, data by type/race/gender, for 493495; V: 498 selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 377 Vietnam veterans and, II: 333; III: 505506, 378; V: 367; VI: 326 521; IV: 494; V: 496498; VI: 463 production workers and, I: 564566; III: See also Hypercholesterolemia; 386387; IV: 379 Hyperlipidemia; Liver disorders; pulp/paper workers and, I: 568; IV: 379 Metabolic and digestive disorders risk factors, I: 564; V: 372 Liposarcoma. See Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS)
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From page 624... ...
624 INDEX Liver disorders Vietnam veterans exposure studies, III: 457, 2,4-D in, I: 179; III: 524; IV: 505 459; IV: 417; V: 423424, 425; VI: 2,4,5-T in, II: 42; III: 524; IV: 500, 505 382, 383 arsenic and, IV: 3941 See also Preterm delivery (PTD) ; biologic plausibility, III: 513514, 524; IV: Reproductive disorders 505; V: 502 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
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From page 625... ...
INDEX 625 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 469; III: 296, 297 MCMI. See Millon Clinical Multiaxial 298, 299, 422; IV: 278, 282283 Inventory TCDD and, V: 277 MCPA.
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From page 626... ...
626 INDEX scientific literature update, III: 510513; cohort studies, I: 229232, 254256, 318 IV: 500504; V: 500501 323; IV: 813, 28, 43, 46, 111, 114, Vietnam veterans and, III: 510, 512513; 123161 passim, 182247 passim, 251 IV: 502504; V: 502 253, 256388 passim, 402, 409, 418 See also Diabetes mellitus; 422, 425431, 473474, 478479, 483, Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Lipid 486492, 500509 and lipoprotein disorders; Ulcers, confidence intervals, I: 244; IV: 19, 43, gastrointestinal 251, 278, 342, 385, 419, 445, 472, 483, Metabolism 515 energy of, VI: 40 consistency in, VI: 26 and half-life studies, VI: 5154 controlled observational studies, I: 228 Methodological bias Department of Veterans Affairs studies, I: biological stored samples, analysis, I: 20 393399, 494495; IV: 1, 15, 133, 151, 21, 729730 157158, 255, 284, 399, 421 cancer studies, I: 436 disease latency effects, I: 231232, 434, controlling for, I: 33, 226227, 234235, 436438, 494, 495, 727; II: 351357 242246; IV: 105, 108109 dose-response relationship, I: 239230, 252; healthy worker effect, I: 230 II: 89; IV: 40 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 17, 257 Dow studies, I: 307312 259, 286287, 291, 724 epidemiologic studies evaluation, I: 300 latency studies, II: 263264; III: 408412 301; II: 9394; III: 129130; IV: 103 proportionate mortality studies, I: 233 109, 132161, 182247 recall bias, I: 256, 601 evidence categories, I: 227237; III: 132; reproductive outcome studies, I: 591592, IV: 103109 passim 601 experimental studies evaluation, II: 9293 self-reports, I: 270271; II: 109, 150 health outcome categories for herbicide See also Methodology association, I: 58, 223225, 246247; Methodology II: 97; III: 132; IV: 612 Agent Orange Study, I: 5859, 6364; II: 2 herbicide environmental exposure Agent Orange Working Group, I: 19, 728 assessment, I: 262263, 269270; III: Alsea, Oregon, investigation, I: 372373, 156157 598 herbicide exposure, statistical association American Legion Agent Orange study, I: 602 with diseases, II: 88, 9091; III: 12, 6, assessment of strength of evidence, I: 238 126127; IV: 103; V: 2223 241; II: 8897; III: 124133 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, I: BASF study, I: 312313 251259, 270287; III: 144145 biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 124, 128 herbicide exposure reconstruction model burden of proof approach, I: 226227, 245 evaluation, I: 18, 289290, 726; II: 25 cancer expected incidence, I: 439440 herbicide occupational exposure cancer studies, I: 435440, 442443, 445; assessment, I: 262264, 269270; III: II: 175, 176; III: 265266 150156 case-control studies, I: 234235, 256257, immune system research, I: 692 326341; II: 9495; III: 130; VI: 9 indirect adjustment, I: 229 case reports, I: 235236 information management, I: 735738 Centers for Disease Control Birth Defects judgment in, I: 245246; II: 96; III: 131 Study, I: 611612 132 Centers for Disease Control epidemiologic latency and cancer studies, II: 261266, studies, I: 19, 387393, 498, 728 351; III: 407416 circulatory disease studies, I: 699700, meta-analysis, I: 225, 237238, 242243 705706, 707; II: 335; IV: 11, 463, 502, neurological assessment, I: 14, 641642, 506 649
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From page 627... ...
INDEX 627 neuropsychiatric studies, I: 657 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) , new evidence integration, II: 96; III: 132 I: 700; V: 104 NIOSH studies, I: 303305; II: 350351, 6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran, I: 153 356, 357; IV: 111, 136 Michigan, I: 374, 375, 383; II: 113, 153, 161, Nitro, West Virginia, industrial accident 202, 308; III: 159, 160, 218, 221, 234, studies, I: 305307 235, 243, 270, 357358, 363, 373, 387, NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 388, 484, 511, 516; IV: 133, 136, 149, odds ratio determination, I: 234, 239; II: 90; 158, 231, 266, 335, 350, 355, 363, 368, III: 126127; IV: 105 370, 381, 383, 414; V: 117; VI: 133 Office of Technology Assessment, I: 19, 728 Department of Management and Budget's paper/pulp mill worker studies, I: 341, 364 Vietnam-era Bonus List, II: 153, 161, publication bias, II: 9596; III: 131; IV: 202, 208, 221, 225, 230, 234, 236, 246; 108; V: 2728 III: 308, 336, 353, 489 Ranch Hand study, I: 230231, 385386, Department of Public Health, II: 161 498, 757762 See also Detroit, Michigan; Midland, random misclassification and latency, II: Michigan; Tecumseh, Michigan 263264; III: 411412 Midland, Michigan, III: 152, 221, 234; IV: 149; relative risk assessment, I: 229, 239, 258; V: 117 II: 90, 351, 356; III: 126, 127; IV: 105 Midwest Research Institute, I: 2930 reproductive outcome studies, I: 591592 Milan, Italy, II: 243; III: 232; IV: 144 respiratory disease studies, I: 708709, Military health care 712713; II: 324 Agent Orange legislation, II: 28; III: risk assessment, I: 225226; II: 89; III: 26, 27 127128 Department of Veterans Affairs activities, sample size and disease frequency, I: 231, II: 29; III: 27 242243, 440, 499 Military occupation specialty code (MOS)
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From page 628... ...
628 INDEX Military personnel. See Demographic data, Mobility factor analysis, VI: 183 Vietnam veterans; Foreign veterans; Models and modeling.
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From page 629... ...
INDEX 629 Seveso, Italy, males cancer mortality and herbicide occupational exposure and, II: latency, II: 271, 275; III: 422, 427; IV: 237243; III: 378380, 381382; IV: 148 372; V: 363364; VI: 320 standardized mortality ratio, I: 229230 histopathology, I: 527 women veterans, II: 152153, 201 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected See also Child mortality studies; Deaths; age groups, III: 377; IV: 371372; V: Perinatal death 361; VI: 320 MOS. See Military occupation specialty code paper/pulp workers and, II: 143 Motor/coordination dysfunction production workers and, II: 237238; III: epidemiological studies, II: 309310; III: 378379; IV: 373 469470; IV: 445447; VI: 410422 risk estimates, II: 240241; V: 366 herbicide association in, I: 661662; II: 4, scientific literature update, III: 378380; 7, 11, 21, 309310; III: 469470; IV: IV: 372373; V: 362; VI: 320324 443447; V: 452465 Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 24, 30, herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 31 658659; IV: 445447 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 563; II: 231, 244; herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: IV: 374; V: 366 658; IV: 445447 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 380, 382; scientific literature update, II: 309310; III: IV: 373; V: 365; VI: 324 470; IV: 445447 See also Malignant lymphomas Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 662; II: 309, 310 Myelogenous leukemia, VI: 12, 1516 See also Ataxia; Dystonia; Neurobehavioral Myeloid leukemia.
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From page 630... ...
630 INDEX scientific literature update, III: 290; IV: National Medical Expenditures Survey 274275; V: 265267; VI: 227230 (NMES) , III: 243; IV: 238 TCDD association with, V: 5 National Occupational Mortality Surveillance treatment, I: 458 System, III: 231, 470 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 460; IV: 275; V: National Personnel Records Center, I: 17, 77, 268 385, 724; II: 150, 152; III: 237, 242 Vietnam veterans' studies, II: 189; III: 290, National Research Council, I: 20, 6264 291; IV: 275; V: 266267; VI: 229230 National Survey of the Vietnam Generation, Nasal olfactory mucosa, I: 130 IV: 411 National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
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From page 631... ...
INDEX 631 Neural tube defects, II: 297; III: 437438; IV: epidemiologic studies, I: 4445, 643648; 18, 400405; V: 16, 399400; VI: 15 II: 141, 305, 307, 309; III: 467473; IV: See also Birth defects; Reproductive 441459; VI: 6, 404435 disorders; Spina bifida herbicide association in, I: 14, 657, 661, Neurasthenia, I: 649; IV: 440; V: 447 666; III: 467476; IV: 441459 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric herbicide occupational exposure studies disorders and, I: 649651, 658, 662663; III: 467 Neurobehavioral toxicity motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 14, 658 2,4-D, I: 180; II: 305; III: 473, 474 662; III: 469470; IV: 443448 biological plausibility, II: 314; III: 474 neurotoxicity, VI: 37, 7273 475; VI: 409 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: definition, II: 304 662666; III: 470473; IV: 454459 epidemiological studies, II: 306, 307308, Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 365366, 523; II: 309310, 311, 312313, 314; III: 467 141; IV: 227 473; VI: 406410 TCDD in, I: 160166; II: 3, 75; III: 8485, epidemiology, II: 304305, 307; III: 466, 468 469, 470471, 474, 475; IV: 441443, evidence in epidemiological studies, II: 445; V: 6061 314; III: 473474 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 55 herbicide association, II: 305314; III: 3, Vietnam veterans' offspring and, I: 609, 467475 660 herbicide environmental exposure studies, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 658, 662, 666; II: 306; III: 467 III: 475476; IV: 459; VI: 430431 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: See also Chronic persistent peripheral 306; III: 467 neuropathy; Cognitive/neuropsychiatric TCDD, II: 305, 307308, 309, 310311, disorders; Motor/coordination 314; III: 469, 470471, 474, 475; IV: dysfunction; Neurobehavioral toxicity; 2526; V: 7172 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Vietnam veterans increased risk, II: 305, disorders 306, 314; III: 475476; VI: 410 Neuropathies.
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From page 632... ...
632 INDEX Newark, New Jersey, II: 128129; III: 219, histopathology, I: 526 220; IV: 134135; V: 105 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected NHANES III. See National Health and age groups, III: 362; IV: 355356; V: Nutrition Evaluation Survey III 344; VI: 303 NHIS.
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From page 633... ...
INDEX 633 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: female reproductive system cancers and, III: 321, 323; IV: 309; V: 296, 297, 298 332333; IV: 321; V: 311, 312, 313 299 gastrointestinal/digestive disorders and, III: birth defects and, II: 286287; III: 437; IV: 510512; IV: 500501; V: 245; VI: 404; V: 394395; VI: 362 465466 bladder cancer and, III: 348, 350; IV: 341 gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 178 342; V: 329, 330 179; III: 268271, 274280; IV: 251 bone/joint cancer and, III: 303, 305; IV: 254; V: 245; VI: 219 288289; V: 280 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 182184, 185, brain tumors and, III: 357358, 360; IV: 186; III: 282283, 284, 287; IV: 268 351; V: 340341; VI: 301 269; V: 261 breast cancer and, II: 214216; III: 324 Hodgkin's disease and, II: 235236; III: 326, 328; IV: 317; V: 301, 302, 304 372373, 374375; IV: 365366; V: breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; V: 357358; VI: 318 300301 immune system disorders and, III: 489, 491; cancer mortality, I: 443444; II: 133, 134, VI: 445 136, 137 infant death and, III: 456 cancer risk factor, I: 442; II: 133135 infertility and, III: 450; IV: 406407; VI: cervical cancer and, III: 332 366 childhood cancer, IV: 418419, 427 laryngeal cancer and, III: 293294; IV: circulatory disorders and, III: 515516; IV: 277278; V: 270; VI: 231233 506507; V: 503; VI: 467468 leukemia and, III: 386388, 391392; IV: colon cancer and, V: 250251 198, 379; V: 368, 369370; VI: 331 diabetes mellitus and, III: 496; IV: 483 332 484; V: 487491; VI: 450 lipid abnormalities and, III: 520; IV: 114 epidemiologic studies, I: 303365; II: 3, 6 115, 117, 493; VI: 458459 7, 113140; III: 170196, 218, 219 low birthweight and, III: 459; IV: 414416; 232, 268271, 274280, 282283, 284, V: 423; VI: 380381 287, 290, 291, 293294, 296297, 300 lung cancer and, III: 296297, 300301, 301, 303, 305, 308309, 312, 316, 317, 421, 422, 423, 424; IV: 282; V: 274 321, 323, 324326, 328, 332333, 335 275; VI: 235239 336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, melanoma and, III: 316, 317; IV: 302; V: 353, 354, 357358, 360, 363365, 367 288, 289, 290, 291, 292; VI: 254256 369, 372373, 374375, 378380, 381 multiple myeloma and, II: 237243; III: 382, 386388, 391392, 437, 450, 454, 378380, 381382; IV: 372; V: 363 455, 456, 459, 467, 483485, 489, 491, 364; VI: 320 496, 510512, 515516, 520; IV: 134 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 188 147, 251254, 257258, 259260, 262 189; III: 290, 291; IV: 274; V: 266; VI: 263, 265266, 268269, 276, 277278, 227 280, 285286, 290, 292293, 306, 307, neonatal death and, III: 455 312, 318319, 324, 325, 333334, 338, neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 343344, 348349, 353354, 359361, neurobehavioral disorders association 368369, 374375, 381382, 404, 408, studies, II: 306; III: 467 418419, 427, 445, 446, 473474, 483 non-Hodgkin's disease and, II: 232234; 484, 489490, 500501, 506507; V: III: 363365, 367369, 429; IV: 356; V: 104115; VI: 120124, 496539 344, 345347, 350351; VI: 310 exposure assessment strategies, I: 253256, ovarian cancer and, III: 333 258259, 262267, 269270; II: 5, 99 production workers, II: 182183, 191, 193 101, 107108; III: 144145, 150156 197, 206207, 232, 237238; III: 170 exposure indices development, II: 107108; 178, 219224, 284, 363364, 378379, III: 161162 386387, 420, 423, 426, 429; IV: 111
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From page 634... ...
634 INDEX 112, 134140, 251254, 271, 282, 288 Olshan, Andrew, III: 25 289, 296297, 302, 321, 327329, 336, Ontario, Canada, II: 199; V: 5, 305, 414, 435 340341, 346347, 351, 356, 365366, Ontario Farm Family Health Study, V: 414, 435 372, 379; VI: 120124, 169174 Operation Ranch Hand, I: 3, 4, 15, 1617, 24, professional herbicide/pesticide applicators, 74; II: 5, 14, 18, 23, 54, 251, 293; III: 6, II: 198200; III: 182185, 226228; IV: 11, 12, 22, 23, 37, 50, 135, 136, 137, 113114, 142143, 404 138, 139; IV: 13, 18, 117119, 150 prostate cancer and, II: 219220, 222; III: 156, 160161; V: 10, 18; VI: 46, 17, 335336, 337, 338, 341, 426, 427; IV: 51, 120, 134138, 182, 220, 233, 240, 327329; V: 319320; VI: 280 258259, 291, 301302, 311312, 318, pulp/paper workers, I: 3738, 267, 341, 324, 332, 406, 450, 455, 480 364, 443, 447, 454, 468, 516, 523, 540, application techniques, I: 25, 8586, 8788; 561562, 568; II: 126127, 184, 200, IV: 120122 243; III: 196, 232; IV: 114, 134, 252, Army Chemical Corps and, IV: 123124 268 birth defects in offspring of, IV: 18, 403 renal cancers and, III: 353, 354; IV: 346 404, 408, 430; V: 16 347 categorization based on potential exposure, research recommendations, I: 1516, 731 V: 120 respiratory cancers and, II: 190, 191200; chloracne and, IV: 8, 464466 IV: 282 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, V: respiratory disorders and, III: 483485; IV: 465466 473474 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, V: sawmill workers, III: 10, 156, 227228, 449451 338, 439440, 447448, 449, 452, 453, continuation of, IV: 21, 160161 457; IV: 114 diabetes mellitus, V: 491492 skin cancer and, III: 312; IV: 300, 301; VI: epidemiological studies, II: 31, 32, 150 254256 152, 154156; III: 2829, 237, 438 soft-tissue sarcomas, II: 206207; III: 308 439, 498; IV: 9, 10, 150156, 255, 262, 309; IV: 292293; V: 284285; VI: 246 269, 272, 275276, 278, 280, 283284, stillbirths and, III: 454 287, 291, 295, 298299, 301, 303305, stomach cancer and, V: 247248 308310, 313, 327, 329, 331332, 334 testicular cancer and, III: 344, 345; IV: 336; 336, 339, 342343, 345, 347, 350, 352, V: 326 355, 357, 359, 362363, 366, 370, 373, thyroid homeostasis and, VI: 479480 376, 380, 383, 430431, 435, 474, 479, uterine cancer and, III: 333 480, 485488, 494, 502504, 508510; Vietnam veteran exposure vs., I: 4, 285, 290 V: 118123, 177181; VI: 135138, See also Herbicide exposure assessment; 187188 Herbicides exposure assessment, V: 232233 Occupations. See Agricultural/forestry workers; herbicide formulations, I: 8891; V: 230 Highway workers; Leather tanners; herbicide surplus disposal, I: 9394 Paper/pulp industry workers; Production herbicide volume used, data by type, III: 136 workers; Professional herbicide/ neurological disorders in, IV: 442, 454 pesticide applicators; Railroad workers; 455, 459 Tannery workers number of military personnel in, I: 94, 273 Odds ratio, I: 224, 234; II: 90; III: 126127; objectives, I: 85 IV: 105; V: 22; VI: 3, 22 operations data, I: 86, 87, 92, 106107 Office of Technology Assessment, I: 19, 50, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
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From page 635... ...
INDEX 635 spontaneous abortion, V: 418 biologic plausibility, VI: 419420 start of, I: 84, 85 epidemiologic studies, V: 454459; VI: suspension of, I: 27, 31, 32, 9293; II: 109 410420 targeting procedures, I: 86 herbicide association in, V: 453460, 464 TCDD half-life in, IV: 24, 28, 43; VI: 90 scientific literature update, V: 460461; VI: thyroid homeostasis and, V: 513 411420 See also Air Force Health Study (AFHS) Vietnam veterans' risk, VI: 420 Operational Report Lessons Learned, IV: 125 See also Motor/coordination dysfunction Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cancer.
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From page 636... ...
636 INDEX herbicide environmental exposure and, III: Pharmacokinetics 454, 455, 456 2,4-D, I: 175 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 2,4,5-T, I: 182 454, 455, 456 cacodylic acid, I: 186187 risk factors, I: 619620; V: 422 picloram, I: 190 scientific literature update, II: 285; III: 452 TCDD, I: 127133, 260261, 284; II: 53 453, 454, 456; V: 421422; VI: 379 54; III: 161; IV: 41, 42, 47 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 624; V: TCDD-induced wasting syndrome, I: 162 422 166 Vietnam veterans and, II: 285; III: 454, 455, See also Toxicokinetics 456; IV: 413; V: 422; VI: 379 Phenoxy herbicides, I: 8, 9, 10, 11, 27; III: 150, Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders, I: 151, 154, 222, 223, 422, 423, 429; V: 3, 55, 662666; II: 304, 312; IV: 440; VI: 5 426427 action of, I: 27; IV: 16 acute and subacute transient peripheral IARC registry and, IV: 137 neuropathy, II: 2, 6, 89, 311314; III: 7, See also Herbicides 8, 473; IV: 10, 18, 457459; V: 14, 16, Phenoxyacetic acid, V: 415 27 Phenoxyenolpyruvate carboxykinase, I: 172 biologic plausibility, V: 470472; VI: 428 Phenoxypropionic acids, I: 327 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: Philadelphia chromosome, V: 367 89, 310311; III: 470472; 454456; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)
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From page 637... ...
INDEX 637 Plantation workers. See Agricultural/forestry scientific literature update, II: 322323; III: workers 482; IV: 467468; V: 480; VI: 439440 Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2)
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From page 638... ...
638 INDEX German herbicide employees, exposure epidemiologic studies, I: 323326, 447, assessment, II: 45, 105, 108; III: 423, 466468; II: 120126, 137140; III: 429 182185, 226228; IV: 142143, 144 hepatic enzyme dysfunction, I: 686, 687 145; V: 224225; VI: 119 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453454, 455; II: Finland respiratory cancer mortality and 182183; III: 284; IV: 268269 latency, II: 271; III: 422 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 264265; herbicide exposure assessment, I: 266267; II: 103, 105, 107108; III: 150154 II: 107108; III: 155; IV: 113114 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9; IV: 365366 reproductive outcomes, I: 324325; IV: 410 immune system disorders, I: 697698 See also Herbicide application methods; international register of workers exposed to Herbicides phenoxy herbicides, II: 131135; III: Prolactin, I: 165 175177, 222223 Proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) , latency and cancer, II: 269, 270, 272, 273 II: 179, 183, 197198, 203, 204205, 274, 275; III: 422, 423, 426, 429; IV: 207, 210, 212, 216, 219, 224, 226, 227, 284, 293 229, 233, 235, 246 leukemia, I: 564566, 570571; III: 386 Proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)
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From page 639... ...
INDEX 639 scientific literature update, III: 336339; Publication bias, VI: 30 IV: 74, 327331; V: 318, 322; VI: 280 Pulmonary system 281 TCDD absorption, I: 129; IV: 135, 156; V: Seveso, Italy, male mortality and latency, 71 II: 275; III: 336, 338, 427; IV: 329 toxicity in, VI: 70 TCDD association with, V: 6364; VI: 79 Vietnam veterans disorders, I: 402 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 11, 518, 519, See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary 522; II: 221, 223; III: 343, 431; IV: 332; disease (COPD) ; Respiratory cancers; V: 324; VI: 283 Respiratory disorders Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 336, 338, Pulp.
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From page 640... ...
640 INDEX female reproductive system cancer Rectal cancer, VI: 214216 incidence and other effects, data by See also Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers race, III: 330; IV: 321, 414, 421, 423, Registries.
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From page 641... ...
INDEX 641 research recommendations, I: 727 Research TCDD in, I: 123124, 156159; II: 3, 41 Department of Veterans Affairs efforts, II: 42, 7172, 282, 285286; III: 92105, 2930; III: 2728; IV: 151, 15758 446449, 460461, 462; IV: 26, 8182, experimental studies update, II: 4345 416; V: 6465, 7273 herbicide exposure and cancer latency, Vietnam veterans' increased disease risk, II: literature review, II: 266275; III: 416 278, 298, 300301; III: 444, 462; IV: 431 417, 426, 431; VI: 398 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, See also Birth defects; Cervical cancer; recent literature, II: 104109; III: 157 Endometrial cancer; Hypospadias; 162; IV: 5 Infertility; Intrauterine growth publication bias, II: 9596; III: 131; IV: retardation (IUGR) ; Low birthweight; 108; V: 2728 Neural tube defects; Ovarian cancer; See also Research needs Perinatal death; Preterm delivery (PTD)
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From page 642... ...
642 INDEX herbicide environmental exposure and, II: scientific literature update, II: 325; III: 483 190, 193, 200201; IV: 274275, 278, 486; IV: 272274; V: 482; VI: 442 282283 TCDD in, I: 170, 472, 709710, 712, 713 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 714; III: 484; IV: 468, 471475; V: 481 190, 191200; IV: 274, 277, 282 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 713714; III: latency issues, II: 1314, 268273; III: 418, 485486; IV: 275; V: 483; VI: 443 420426; VI: 2 See also Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic literature review, II: 269272; III: 420424 obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ; nickel and, latency, II: 269; III: 420 Emphysema; Influenza; Pleurisy; paper/pulp workers and, I: 468469; II: 200 Pneumoconiosis; Pneumonia; production workers and, I: 461466; II: Respiratory cancers; Tuberculosis 191, 193197; III: 420, 422, 423, 429; Retinoic acid (RA)
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From page 643... ...
INDEX 643 impossible to quantify, VI: 17 Vietnam veterans' TCDD concentrations leukemia, I: 571572; IV: 381; V: 372 with time after exposure, II: 356357 linear extrapolation of exposure and risk, II: Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels 356 back-extrapolated to measure dose, II: lipid abnormalities, I: 692; III: 507508; 357 IV: 495 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; IV: 417 linear extrapolation, II: 356 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 662 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels use multiple myeloma, I: 563; IV: 374; V: 366 to estimate disease risk, II: 350357; nasal/nasopharyngeal, I: 460; IV: 275 IV: 182 neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 658 RNA. See Ribonucleic acid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 549; IV: 359; Ronnel®, II: 128; III: 219; IV: 134; V: 105 V: 355 Rotterdam, Netherlands, III: 236; V: 512 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 666; Rung Sat Special Zone, I: 100, 104, 105, 106 II: 314; IV: 459 Russia, II: 319 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 682683; II: See also Chapaevsk, Russia; USSR 323; IV: 468; V: 479 prostate cancer risk, II: 223; III: 343; IV: 332; V: 324 S reproductive outcomes, I: 634; II: 300301; Salmonella, TCDD exposure and, II: 68 IV: 407, 431 Samara region.
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From page 644... ...
644 INDEX Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, II: 24, epidemiologic studies, I: 4445, 63, 365 2728; III: 2324, 25 368; II: 113, 141143, 148; III: 130, Sensory dysfunction. See Neurologic disorders 197200, 232233, 283, 285, 290, 296, Serontonergic system, I: 166 297298, 303, 307, 309, 314, 318, 325 Sertoli cells, V: 405 326, 327, 330, 331, 332, 336, 338, 344, Serum levels, TCDD, I: 4, 19, 21, 261, 281 348, 349, 352, 353, 356, 358, 363, 365, 285, 289, 290, 725, 728, 729, 742743; 372, 373, 380, 385, 386, 388389, 390, II: 45, 104106; III: 140142, 146 436, 449, 495, 505; IV: 224, 225, 226, 147; IV: 37, 46, 112, 114, 125126, 227, 258259, 261, 263264, 266, 271 252, 293, 331 272, 276, 280, 286287, 291, 297298, back-extrapolated serum TCDD as measure 306307, 313, 319, 325326, 334, 338, of dose, II: 357; IV: 154 344, 349, 354355, 361362, 369370, Centers for Disease Control validation 375376, 382383, 428, 430431, 491; study, I: 281284; II: 103, 104 V: 115116, 168171; VI: 129132, concentrations of TCDD with time 177179 after exposure, II: 356357; III: 159 exposure assessment, I: 267268, 285, 598 161 599; II: 45, 103, 105106; III: 150, estimated mean maximum levels, II: 252 156, 158, 160161, 162; IV: 111, 114 255 115, 126; V: 226227 latency results, linear extrapolation from female reproductive cancers, I: 511; II: long exposure, II: 356 211212, 213; III: 330, 331, 332; IV: measurement technique, I: 260; II: 349350 321322 pharmocokinetics, I: 259261 gastrointestinal tract tumors, II: 177, 180; recommendations, I: 2021 III: 271, 273; IV: 254 significance of, I: 4, 19, 261, 284285, 289, gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; IV: 501502 290, 725, 742743; II: 45, 102106, hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686687 108109 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 184; III: 283, 285; testing, mandated, I: 728, 729 IV: 269 Vietnam veterans disease risk estimation, Hodgkin's disease, II: 236; III: 372, 373 use for, II: 350357 immune modulation, I: 695; VI: 7 Services HERBS tapes.
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From page 645... ...
INDEX 645 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 663664; II: 10, 312313 312; IV: 302 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680681 morbidity studies, V: 289; VI: 254, 263 prostate cancer, I: 11; II: 9, 221, 248, 274, 264 275; III: 336, 338, 426, 427; IV: 329 mortality studies, VI: 253, 262 renal cancer, II: 225; III: 352, 353; IV: 347 TCDD association with, I: 141, 142143, reproductive outcomes/toxicity, I: 598599; 502503; II: 209211; III: 313316, II: 72; III: 436, 449; IV: 400, 430431; 317, 319, 320, 322; IV: 19; V: 5 VI: 6 Vietnam veterans and, II: 209; III: 312; IV: respiratory cancer, II: 200201, 269, 272; 303304, 305, 309311; VI: 256259, III: 422, 424; IV: 278, 279, 282283, 261, 265 284 See also Basal/squamous cell skin cancer; respiratory outcomes, I: 710; IV: 472473, Melanomas 474, 475 Skin sensitivity response to accident, I: 4344 2,4-D and, I: 181 sex ratio, V: 434 picloram and, I: 192 skin cancer, I: 503; II: 12, 209, 210; III: Ranch hands, IV: 8 314, 318; IV: 302 TCDD and, I: 172174 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 491492; II: 206, See also Chloracne; Porphyria cutanea tarda 207, 208; III: 307, 309; IV: 293294, (PCT) 295 Sleep disorders, I: 650; IV: 442; V: 449 testicular cancer, II: 228; III: 344; IV: 336 SMRs.
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From page 646... ...
646 INDEX herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: definition, I: 595596; II: 282; IV: 409; V: 308309; IV: 292293; V: 284285; VI: 409 246 epidemiologic data, quality of, I: 603605 IARC registry and, IV: 137, 293 epidemiologic studies, II: 283; IV: 410 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected 411; V: 420; VI: 372378 age groups, III: 306; IV: 292; VI: 245 epidemiology, II: 282283 Midland, Michigan cohort, IV: 136 farm families, V: 5 pesticide applicators and, I: 491 herbicide association in, I: 14, 605; II: 7, production workers and, I: 8, 477479, 499; 20, 278, 283284; V: 409421, 411412 II: 132, 134135, 206207; IV: 136, herbicide environmental exposure and, I: 292293 598599; IV: 410411; V: 414417 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 herbicide occupational exposure and, I: risk factors, I: 10, 477; V: 287 596598; IV: 410; V: 410, 413414 scientific literature update, II: 206208; III: maternal risk factors, I: 596 308310; V: 283, 292295 Ranch Hand participants, II: 283284 Vietnam veterans and, I: 395396, 401, 475, risk factors, I: 594; IV: 409; V: 420 492498, 500; II: 205, 208; III: 309310; scientific literature update, II: 283284; IV: IV: 157, 294295; V: 286287; VI: 25 410411; V: 410417; VI: 373377 Vietnam veterans compensation, I: 51, 55, TCDD and, V: 410, 413 56; II: 24, 29, 30, 31 Vietnam veterans' increased risk, II: 283; See also Kaposi's sarcoma; IV: 411; V: 417418; VI: 378 Leiomyosarcomas Vietnam veterans' wives and, I: 405406, Somatostatin, I: 168, 169 601603 South America, III: 510 Vietnamese civilians and, I: 599601 South Dakota, IV: 149, 344, 349, 354, 362, women Vietnam veterans' increased risk, 369, 375, 382 V: 417418 South Koreans, I: 6162; II: 108109; III: 240; See also Reproductive disorders IV: 156; VI: 1, 67, 134, 141142, 439 Sprayers. See Professional herbicide/pesticide 440 applicators Southeast Asia, II: 181, 188, 294, 295; III: 29, Spraying.
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From page 647... ...
INDEX 647 Statistical association, VI: 12, 2223 Cancer Environment Register, III: 224; IV: Statistics Sweden, IV: 145 140 Umea Department of Oncology, II: 138; III: Cancer Registry, III: 224, 228, 229; IV: 228 142; V: 362 University Hospital, Linkoping, II: 138; III: Lund University Hospital, III: 229 228, 229 National Register of Causes of Death, IV: University Hospital, Umea, III: 228 141 See also Skaraborg, Sweden; Umea, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, III: 229 Sweden; Uppsala, Sweden Regional Cancer Registry, II: 138; III: 228, Stellman model, VI: 493 229 Stillbirth. See Perinatal death See also Skaraborg, Sweden; Umea, Stomach cancer, I: 446, 447; II: 7, 12; III: 274 Sweden; Uppsala, Sweden 275; IV: 250254, 256, 259n, 385; V: SWHS.
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From page 648... ...
648 INDEX brain tumors and, I: 525; IV: 352 Tecumseh, Michigan, III: 235, 388 cancer, II: 176; IV: 248388 passim TEFs. See Toxic equivalency factors carcinogenesis, I: 116118, 434, 439; III: TEQ factors.
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From page 649... ...
INDEX 649 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) , cell proliferation capability of, I: 145; II: 3, III: 5, 19; IV: 16, 132; V: 14, 12, 329, 67; IV: 60 516518; VI: 1, 35, 1112, 2122, cellular effects of, V: 4, 5657 118119, 165, 201, 276, 436 chemical properties, I: 28, 114, 127 acute toxicity, II: 7576 chemical significant interactions, II: 6465; adipose tissue effects, VI: 6768 III: 6971 Ah receptor interaction, I: 3, 114, 118, 122, chemical structure, I: 125126; II: 38 123, 133138, 150, 151, 152, 159160, chloracne and, I: 4, 10, 28, 172173, 262; 439, 452453, 457; II: 34, 5153, 54 II: 3, 5, 6, 317321; III: 479480; IV: 56, 5762, 176; III: 33, 34, 35, 53, 54, 135, 464; V: 56 5861, 6269, 129; IV: 25, 26, 30, 32, chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy 4753, 58, 60; V: 5254 association, V: 465469 animal studies, I: 111114, 138142, 477; circulatory disorders and, I: 701708; II: II: 34, 12, 5177; III: 45, 33, 3436, 336337; III: 514, 515516, 518; IV: 37, 4043, 5458, 6263, 6769, 74 506507; V: 503 105, 128, 129, 130, 394, 396, 460461, cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 474, 475, 482, 501, 522523; IV: 26, 308; V: 449452 5357, 59, 270, 284, 305, 311, 416, concerns about, I: 1, 2, 2324, 2832, 35 426, 432435, 458459, 512; VI: 2930 36; II: 2, 17, 18, 19, 2627; III: 35, 12, anti-estrogenicity and, I: 512; II: 62; III: 13, 14 6769 corticosteroids and, I: 168, 171172 apoptosis of, II: 3, 67 cytochrome P4501A2 and, I: 130, 144145, autoimmunity and, I: 697699 170, 709; IV: 274, 386 bioavailability, I: 128129 dermal toxicity, II: 76; III: 7374; V: 5657 biological consequences of activation, II: developmental toxicity, I: 123124, 149, 57; III: 6162 156157, 159160, 185; II: 3, 4142, biomarkers, I: 4, 17, 259262, 725; II: 101 71, 7273; III: 92105; V: 6769, 72 104; III: 146147 73; VI: 8387 birth defects and, V: 439441 diabetes mellitus and, I: 683; II: 330331; bladder cancer association, II: 225227; III: III: 494, 495, 500501, 502; IV: 483, 347348; IV: 341342 489; V: 492 body burdens, III: 107108; IV: 478 dietary significant interactions, II: 64 body temperature regulation and, I: 169 dioxin categorization, I: 23n, 125 bone development effects, VI: 6970 disease outcomes, V: 6976 bone/joint cancer association, II: 204205; DNA binding capability and transcription III: 303; IV: 289 activation and, II: 5657; III: 5861 brain distribution, I: 160161 dose-response relationships, I: 111114, brain tumors association, II: 229, 230; III: 122, 128129, 130, 137138, 445, 673, 357, 358; IV: 351 696; II: 318 breast cancer association, II: 215217; III: endocrine effects, III: 8384; V: 6667, 73 327, 329; IV: 316317; V: 6566, 306 74; VI: 8283 carcinogenesis promoter capability, I: 116, endometriosis and, V: 508509 142143, 434, 439 environmental exposure assessment, I: 262 carcinogenicity, I: 2829, 116118, 138 263, 267270; II: 140149, 179180, 146, 439, 451; II: 3, 3940, 6568, 175, 184, 186, 190, 193, 200201, 221, 222, 176; III: 265, 394, 396, 430431; IV: 234, 236, 243; III: 156157, 232233, 6066, 270, 279; V: 6163, 7576; VI: 234, 235236, 297298, 303; IV: 114 7678 116, 147150, 254, 269, 274275, 278, cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: 76; III: 293, 296, 336, 347, 351, 357, 379; VI: 7475; V: 58, 70 177182, 186191
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From page 650... ...
650 INDEX environmental persistence, I: 288 latency issues, II: 1314, 269, 270, 272; III: enzyme induction of, II: 3, 6667 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 426, 429, 431 estrogen-mediation of carcinogenesis, I: lethality, III: 7173; V: 6970; VI: 67 144145 leukemia association, II: 246; III: 386388, excretion, I: 132133 390; IV: 379, 426 exposure assessment issues, II: 45, 104 lipid abnormalities and, I: 688690; II: 106; III: 140142, 144, 157158, 159 333334; III: 505, 506, 507 161; IV: 122127, 132; VI: 45, 15, liver toxicity, I: 115116, 124, 138139, 167169, 186191 142, 143, 151156, 165166; II: 42, exposure sources, I: 127 331333; III: 509; IV: 27, 268, 269, 499 fatty acid biosynthesis and, I: 168169 lung cancer and, III: 297298, 299, 421, female reproductive system/breast cancers 423; IV: 282283; V: 277 and, I: 512; II: 211213; III: 331, 332; mammary gland effects, VI: 81 IV: 315, 316, 322; V: 309 mechanism of action, animal studies, II: 3, free radicals, II: 59; III: 6465 5465; III: 5458, 6263, 6769; IV: gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169170, 447 2830; V: 4 452, 690692; II: 177181; III: 268 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 6577; IV: 67 272, 511; IV: 251254, 499501 76, 426; V: 4769 gastrointestinal ulcers and, II: 334335; III: metabolism, I: 115116, 131133, 155 510; V: 501; VI: 72 multiple myeloma association, II: 237238, gene modulation, VI: 6165 243, 244; III: 378380, 383; IV: 372 genotoxicity, I: 118, 143144; II: 3; V: 48 373 51 myelogenous leukemia and, VI: 1516 growth factor and, II: 59 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 460; half-life, I: 129, 260261; II: 104105; III: IV: 274275 157158; IV: 24, 27; V: 4447; VI: 52 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 649650, hepatic enzyme disorders and, I: 155156, 651652, 656, 657658; II: 308 685688, 691692 neurotoxicity, I: 160166, 642; II: 3, 75; hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; II: 181 III: 8485, 469, 470471; IV: 31; V: 187; III: 283285; V: 263 7172; VI: 7273 hepatotoxicity, II: 3, 7375; III: 7679; V: non-Ah-mediated toxicity, I: 138 5860, 71 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 8, 9, 528 herbicide contaminant capacity, I: 2, 3, 27, 529, 574; II: 5, 6, 231234; III: 364, 9192, 114, 126127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 1, 429; IV: 357 3, 5, 6, 140142 occupational exposure, I: 3639, 262267, hexachlorophene manufacture and, I: 40; 269270, 303; II: 108109, 113140, IV: 134135, 138, 148 178179, 190, 191200, 219220, 222, H4IIE-luc cells and, III: 107 232234, 237238; III: 153, 154, 155, Hodgkin's lymphoma and, II: 5, 6, 235, 219, 220, 221222, 223, 224, 284285, 236; III: 372373; IV: 366 293, 296297, 303; IV: 111114, 134 hypoglycemia and, I: 166168 147, 187190, 195196, 251, 257, 259 immune modulation and, I: 694696; II: 260, 262, 265, 268, 271, 277, 280, 282, 328329; III: 488, 489, 490, 491; IV: 26 284, 289, 290, 292, 306, 312, 318, 341, immunotoxicity, I: 119122, 146151, 338, 343, 346, 348, 353, 359, 374; V: 6; VI: 477; II: 3, 4041, 6871; III: 8592; IV: 169177 478480; V: 61, 7475; VI: 7376 opioid antagonist capacity, I: 164 infertility association, II: 282 oral administration, I: 128 inflammatory responses and, I: 148 perinatal death association, II: 285286 interactions, significant, III: 6971 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 310311, intracellular communication of, II: 3, 6768 314; III: 470471; IV: 184
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From page 651... ...
INDEX 651 pharmacokinetics, I: 127133, 160, 259 toxicity, factors influencing, II: 6365; III: 261, 284 105108; IV: 8384 porphyria cutanea tarda and, II: 5, 6, 321 toxicity profile, III: 50108; VI: 3334, 89 323; III: 481482; IV: 466468; V: 59 93 potential health risk estimating, II: 6365; toxicity update summary, II: 5153; IV: 3 III: 105108 5, 22, 26, 44, 62, 64, 8386; V: 4076, production of, I: 28, 114 7981 prostate cancer association, II: 220223, toxicokinetics, animal studies, II: 3, 5354; 273, 274, 275; III: 336337, 425, 426; III: 45, 48; IV: 4146; V: 4142 IV: 327328, 329331; V: 6364; VI: toxicokinetics, human studies, V: 4344 79 uterine effects, VI: 8081 protein kinases and, II: 6062; III: 6567 Vietnam amount used, I: 27, 106; II: 26; protein modulation, V: 4851; VI: 6165 IV: 122 pulmonary toxicity, V: 58, 71 Vietnam military exposure, I: 17, 26, 149 Qsar model approach, III: 106 161; II: 21, 22, 181, 185, 187, 190, Ranch Hand study, II: 109; III: 50, 146 201202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, 147; IV: 18 226, 276, 308; III: 146, 147, 237, 239, relevance to human health, VI: 9394 240, 430431; IV: 150160; V: 231 renal cancer association, II: 225; III: 353; 232 IV: 346347 Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 2829; renal toxicity, II: 77; III: 7576 III: 2627 reproductive toxicity, I: 123124, 156159, Vietnamese civilians exposure, II: 108109, 368, 371372, 597, 599, 605; II: 3, 41 148; III: 156157; IV: 116117, 148 42, 7172; III: 92105, 446, 449; IV: 149 398438 passim; V: 6465, 7273; VI: wasting syndrome, I: 160161, 162166; II: 7881 7677; III: 8083; IV: 25, 31, 57; V: respiratory cancers and, II: 1314, 189203, 56; VI: 67 269, 270, 272; IV: 282283; VI: 12 See also Herbicides; Serum levels, TCDD; respiratory disorders and, I: 170, 472, 709 TCDD biologic plausibility 710, 712714; III: 484; IV: 471474 12-O-Tetradexanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) , sensitivity interspecies and interindividual II: 76 differences, II: 6364; III: 108 Texas, I: 60, 403404, 696; III: 243 skin cancer and, I: 141, 142143, 502503; TGF.
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From page 652... ...
652 INDEX Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) , V: 510 2,4,5-T, II: 49; III: 47; IV: 24, 37 Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
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From page 653... ...
INDEX 653 animal studies, I: 181185; II: 4950; III: Triglyceride levels, I: 688689; III: 520521 4748, 396, 462; IV: 34, 426, 434435, Trinoxol, I: 91; III: 137; IV: 119 458, 459, 512, 517 Trivalent monomethylarsonous acid (MMA) , birth defects and, II: 287; III: 462; IV: 404, V: 39 405n; V: 394 TSH.
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From page 654... ...
654 INDEX herbicide exposure assessment, III: 151; IV: Army Chemical Corps Vietnam Veterans 139 Health Study proposal, II: 24 Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, Army I Corps, IV: 157 IV: 445 Environmental Support Group (ESG) , II: 152 See also Scotland; Yorkshire, England Vietnam casualties, I: 83 United Nations, I: 45 Vietnam veteran studies, II: 201, 226, 244; United Paperworkers International Union, III: III: 240, 241, 283, 294, 298, 313, 315, 232 318, 338, 339, 344, 346, 348, 365, 373, Update 1996.
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From page 655... ...
INDEX 655 USSR, I: 317; III: 224 bone/joint cancer studies summary, II: 204; See also Russia III: 302, 305; IV: 288, 290291; V: 279 Utah, I: 560; II: 241 brain tumor studies summary, II: 229; III: Uterine cancer, I: 506; III: 329, 333; V: 312; 356357, 360, 361; IV: 351, 353355; VI: 8081 V: 339 herbicide association evidence, I: 13; II: 6, breast cancer studies summary, III: 324 211, 213; III: 333; IV: 323324; VI: 326, 328; IV: 314315, 319320; V: 273 301 See also Reproductive system cancers, childhood cancer studies summary, II: 299; women IV: 418, 429 UV. See Ultraviolet radiation chloracne studies summary, II: 318; III: 479480; IV: 465; V: 478 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy V studies summary, II: 310; IV: 454 circulatory disorders studies summary, II: Valcular heart disease, VI: 7 335336; III: 514; IV: 506; V: 503 VAO.
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From page 656... ...
656 INDEX herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, 114, 115116, 117118, 119120, 121 II: 231232; III: 362363, 367369, 126; III: 170174, 176178, 180182, 370371; IV: 356, 360363; V: 344 183185, 188196, 274275, 276277, perinatal death studies summary, II: 285; 278279, 280, 282283, 286, 291, 294, III: 451, 454, 455, 456; IV: 412 300301, 305, 310, 312, 316, 317, 321, peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: 323, 324326, 328, 332, 333, 335336, 470471, 473; IV: 454 345, 350, 354, 360, 367369, 374376, porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, 381382, 391392, 454, 455, 456, 459, II: 321322; III: 481482; IV: 467; V: 496, 520; IV: 137, 139, 140142, 144 479 146, 257261, 263, 265266, 271, 276, prostate cancer studies summary, III: 335 280, 285, 290 336, 341, 342; IV: 327, 333335; V: Hodgkin's disease studies summary, II: 317318 235; III: 372, 374375, 376; IV: 365, renal cancer studies summary, II: 224; III: 368; V: 356 352353, 354, 355; IV: 346, 349350 immune system disorders, studies summary, research recommendations, II: 2324; III: II: 327; III: 488489; IV: 477; V: 484 23; IV: 21 impact of report, II: 2426; III: 2325 respiratory disorders studies summary, II: infertility studies summary, II: 280; III: 324325; III: 483; IV: 471; V: 481 445446, 450; IV: 406, 409 sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429430; V: 433 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, skin cancer studies summary, III: 312; IV: 294; IV: 277, 280; V: 268269 299314 legislation on Agent Orange, II: 2829; III: soft-tissue sarcomas studies summary, II: 2627 205206; III: 306308; IV: 292, 297 leukemia studies summary, II: 245; III: 299; V: 283 385386, 391392; IV: 378379, 381, spontaneous abortion studies summary, II: 383; V: 368 283; IV: 410; V: 410 lipid abnormalities studies summary, II: summary of, II: 3742 333; III: 504, 520, 521; IV: 483 toxicology, overview, III: 36; IV: 22, 38, liver toxicity studies summary, II: 332; III: 41; V: 3031; VI: 33 510; IV: 500 Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides/Dioxin low birthweight studies summary, III: 456 Exposure and Acute Myelogenous 457, 459; IV: 399, 400, 412; V: 423 Leukemia in the Children of Vietnam lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 300 Veterans (Acute Myelogenous 301; IV: 281, 285286; V: 273 Leukemia) , V: 2, 13, 14, 1617, 21; VI: melanoma studies summary, III: 313314, 2, 12, 16 316, 317; IV: 302, 306; V: 290 Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides/Dioxin metabolic and digestive disorders, studies Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes (Type 2 summary, II: 330, 332, 333, 334; IV: Diabetes)
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From page 657... ...
INDEX 657 1618; VI: 2, 11, 3334, 121129, 133, herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 135 170, 172, 174, 175176, 179, 183, 186 background, III: 1723; IV: 1521, 110, 187, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282283, 286, 132, 137, 247, 251 291, 294, 300, 305, 316, 317, 321, 324 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies 326, 328, 332, 333, 335336, 345, 350, summary, III: 317318, 321, 323; IV: 354, 360, 367, 374, 381, 391, 496; IV: 308314; V: 295296 135137, 140142, 144 birth defects studies summary, III: 436 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, III: 439; IV: 400401, 435; V: 394 373, 374, 375, 376; IV: 364371; V: bladder cancer studies summary, III: 347 356 348, 350; IV: 330345; V: 329 impact of report, III: 2325 bone/joint cancer studies summary, III: 302, infertility studies summary, III: 445446; 305; IV: 287291; V: 279 IV: 406408 brain tumor studies summary, III: 356357, laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, 360, 361; IV: 350355; V: 339 294; IV: 277281; V: 268269 breast cancer studies summary, III: 324 legislation on Agent Orange, III: 2627 326, 327, 328; IV: 314320; V: 301 leukemia studies summary, III: 385386, childhood cancers, IV: 418 391, 392; IV: 377383; V: 368 chloracne studies summary, III: 479480; lipid abnormalities studies summary, III: IV: 465; V: 478 504; IV: 493 circulatory disorders studies summary, III: liver disorders studies summary, III: 510; 514; IV: 506; V: 503 IV: 500 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders studies low birthweight studies summary, III: 456 summary, III: 468469; IV: 441442; 457; IV: 412; V: 423 V: 448449 lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 298, congressional hearings on Agent Orange, 300; IV: 281287; V: 273 III: 25 melanoma studies summary, III: 313314, Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, 316, 317; IV: 302308; V: 290 III: 2425 motor/coordination dysfunction studies diabetes mellitus studies summary, III: 496; summary, III: 469470; IV: 444 IV: 482483, 490; V: 486 multiple myeloma studies summary, III: federal government response to concerns 377378, 381, 382; IV: 371377; V: over military use of herbicides in 362 Vietnam, III: 2530 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies female reproductive system cancers studies summary, III: 290, 291; IV: 273276; summary, III: 330331, 332, 333; IV: V: 265 321326; V: 310 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, gastrointestinal tract tumors studies III: 362363, 367, 369, 370; IV: 355 summary, III: 268, 274281; IV: 257 364; V: 344 264; V: 244245 pancreatic cancer, IV: 264267 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, III: perinatal death studies summary, III: 451; 510; IV: 500; V: 500 IV: 412 health outcomes conclusions, III: 1920; peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: VI: 1318 470471, 473; IV: 18 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, 282283, 287288; IV: 267272; V: III: 481482; IV: 467; V: 479 259260 prostate cancer studies summary, III: 335 herbicide environmental exposure studies, 336, 341, 342; IV: 326335; V: 317 III: 197, 201, 203, 275, 277, 279, 283, 318 288, 323, 328, 336, 342, 345, 354, 369, renal cancers studies summary, III: 352 375, 382, 392; IV: 147, 149 353, 354, 355; IV: 345350
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From page 658... ...
658 INDEX research recommendations, III: 23 lung cancer studies summary, IV: 281287; respiratory disorders studies summary, III: V: 273 483; IV: 471472; V: 481 melanoma studies summary, IV: 302308; sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429430; V: 433 V: 290 skin cancer, IV: 299301 mortality in, IV: 254 soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, III: multiple myeloma studies summary, IV: 306308; IV: 291299; V: 283 371377; V: 362 testicular cancer studies summary, III: 343 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies 344, 345; IV: 335339; V: 325 summary, IV: 273276; V: 265 toxicology, overview, III: 36; IV: 22; V: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, 3031; VI: 33 IV: 355364; V: 344 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1998 occupational exposure, IV: 135137, 139 (Update 1998) , V: 2, 1214, 1618; VI: 142, 144 2, 11, 3334, 121129, 133, 135 Operation Ranch Hand, IV: 150, 152 Australian Veterans, IV: 159 pancreatic cancer, IV: 264267 background of, IV: 1, 3, 810, 110, 132, prostate cancer studies summary, IV: 326 247, 251, 399400 335; V: 317318 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies quantitative structure-activity relationship summary, IV: 308314; V: 295296 (QSAR)
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From page 659... ...
INDEX 659 genotoxic effects, V: 33 Vibrotactile abnormalities, V: 466, 468 health outcomes conclusions, VI: 1318 Vietnam, III: 533; VI: 134, 181182 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, V: 356 herbicide latency issues, methodology, II: immunotoxicity, V: 37 13; III: 1214 laryngeal cancer studies summary, V: 268 herbicide targeting in, I: 99106; IV: 116 269 117 leukemia studies summary, V: 368 herbicide use in, concerns about, I: 2932, lung cancer studies summary, V: 273 45; II: 1, 2, 4, 11, 17, 18, 26; III: 1, 2, 5, mechanisms of toxic action, V: 3334 12, 13, 17, 18, 25; V: 3, 3031, 229 melanoma studies summary, V: 290 232 mitochondrial function, V: 3334 research in, I: 3031 multiple myeloma studies summary, V: 362 troop movements in, I: 5253, 96, 287 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies US casualties in, I: 8283 summary, V: 265 US involvement, I: 7576, 84 neuroblastoma, V: 426 US military herbicide use in, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, neurotoxicity, V: 35 8485, 8993, 9496, 98107, 286; II: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, 17, 18, 26, 2732; III: 135142; V: V: 344 116117; VI: 120 parkinsonism, V: 453, 460 See also Ca Mau peninsula; Con Thieu prostate cancer studies summary, IV: 326 province, Vietnam; Hanoi, Vietnam; Ho 335; V: 317318 Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Khe Sanh reproductive toxicity, V: 3536 Thonh Son Lam area; Mekong Delta; respiratory disorders studies summary, V: Rung Sat Special Zone; Vietnamese 481 Vietnam Experience Study (VES) , III: 26, 240, sex ratios of offspring, V: 433 512; VI: 139, 186 soft-tissue sarcoma studies summary, V: 283 birth defects in offspring, II: 288, 289, 290; testicular cancer studies summary, V: 325 III: 436, 438, 439, 445 thyroid hormones, V: 34 cancer mortality in, I: 444445 toxicology overview, V: 3031 childhood cancer in, I: 629; II: 300 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002 chloracne in, I: 677 (Update 2002)
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From page 660... ...
660 INDEX Vietnam herbicides used by military, II: 2627; cancer mortality, I: 444445 VI: 182186 cancer studies, I: 391393, 401, 402403, Vietnam Veteran Agent Orange Health Study, 405, 436438; II: 176177; III: 266 I: 741 267, 430431 Vietnam veterans, I: 1; II: 2; V: 2021; VI: 2, chloracne in, I: 677679; II: 317, 318, 321; 5, 10, 491493 III: 479480; IV: 6, 135, 485; V: 479; acute and subacute transient peripheral VI: 438 neuropathy, II: 313; III: 473; IV: 6, 459 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy in, advocacy groups, I: 6061 II: 311; IV: 7, 456 Air Force research activities, II: 3132; III: circulatory disorders in, I: 702705; II: 336; 2829; IV: 13, 4243, 150156, 160 III: 516518; IV: 7, 508509; VI: 471 161 class action suit, I: 3435 altered sperm parameters in, I: 632, 634; cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders in, II: III: 445, 446, 450; IV: 7 318; III: 469; IV: 7, 443; V: 449451 amyloidosis, IV: 7; V: 507; VI: 473 colon cancer in, V: 252 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VI: 422 compensation for, I: 3435, 47, 5051, 55 Australian, I: 61, 91, 406, 418, 444, 470, 56; II: 2829, 3031; III: 2627, 28 496497, 546, 614615, 633, 702, 710; congressional responses to concerns of, I: II: 113, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: 9, 216 4652; II: 2729; III: 2528 217, 218, 237, 244245, 273, 285286, defining, I: 78 290, 294, 295, 298, 299, 303, 310, 311, demographics, I: 79, 8084 314, 315, 327, 329, 339, 340, 343, 346, developmental toxicity, II: 72 349, 353, 355, 359, 365, 380, 389, 413, diabetes mellitus in, I: 684, 685, 698; II: 424, 425, 469, 486, 489, 500, 506, 512 330; III: 495, 497, 498, 500, 502; IV: 6, 513, 517; IV: 9, 10, 159160, 322333, 485487; V: 489490, 491; VI: 450 402, 421422; VI: 141 455 autoimmune disease in, I: 698, 699 disabilities discharges, I: 32 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 323; disease increased risk for, I: 1415, 221, IV: 309310; V: 298, 300; VI: 265 225226, 247248, 578; II: 14, 2223, birth defects in children of, I: 609615, 88, 89, 91, 218, 223, 251, 276, 298, 618; II: 288296, 298, 300; III: 435, 300301, 314, 321, 323; III: 1415, 22 436, 437438; IV: 7, 402; V: 402403; 23, 124, 127128, 329, 334, 343, 397, VI: 365 430431, 444, 462, 475476, 491, 503, bladder cancer in, I: 517; II: 223224; III: 507508, 525; IV: 12, 256, 270, 275, 349, 351; IV: 7, 342; V: 332, 333; VI: 279, 284, 290, 296, 305306, 311, 318, 292 323324, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, 359, bone/joint cancer in, I: 473, 474475; II: 367, 374, 381, 403, 407, 411412, 413, 204; III: 303, 305; IV: 7, 289; V: 281; 417, 426, 466, 468, 475, 489, 495, 505, VI: 245 510, 513; V: 246, 264, 268, 272, 278, brain tumors in, I: 522, 523, 525; III: 358 282, 287, 295, 300, 309, 316, 324, 328, 359, 361; IV: 7, 352; V: 342, 343; VI: 333, 338, 343, 355, 361, 366, 372, 376, 302 405, 409, 420421, 422, 425, 432, 441, breast cancer in, II: 213, 217, 218; III: 326, 472, 479, 480, 483, 485, 492, 498, 502, 328, 329; IV: 7, 316; V: 304, 309; VI: 506, 510, 518519; VI: 221, 226, 230, 270 234, 241, 245, 251, 261, 265, 270, 275, cancer expected incidence, I: 439440, 442, 283, 284, 292, 296, 302, 312, 319, 325, 446, 452, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 333, 337, 341, 365, 372, 378, 379, 383, 564; II: 176177; III: 266267, 430 398, 410, 420, 422, 429, 430431, 438, 431; IV: 249250 440, 443, 448, 456, 463, 466, 471, 473, cancer in children of, I: 629, 630631; II: 478, 481 299; IV: 7, 420422; V: 430431 distribution by branch of service, I: 81
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From page 661... ...
INDEX 661 endometriosis in, VI: 478 herbicide exposure assessment strategies Environmental Protection Agency research for, I: 270284; II: 99109; III: 144 activities, II: 32; III: 2930 145 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 5759, 6263, Hodgkin's disease in, I: 526, 554556, 557; 384418; II: 3, 67, 28, 113, 149161; II: 235, 236; III: 372, 373, 376; IV: 6, III: 26, 206217, 236245, 272273, 366367; V: 359360, 361; VI: 319 275, 277278, 279, 281, 283, 285286, immune modulation in, I: 695696, 699; 288, 290, 291, 294295, 298, 301, 303, III: 489, 491 305, 309310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, immune system disorders, VI: 448 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343 individual exposures, VI: 18 344, 345346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 358 infertility, I: 632, 633, 634; II: 280; III: 445, 359, 361, 363, 365, 370371, 372, 373, 446, 450; IV: 7; VI: 372 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 435, International Agency for Research on 436, 437438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 455, Cancer research activities, III: 30 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, kidney cancer in, VI: 286 479, 480, 481, 482, 485486, 489, 491, laryngeal cancer in, III: 294295; IV: 6, 9, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505506, 512 278; V: 272; VI: 234 513, 516518, 521; IV: 150160, 255, latency relevance for assessing herbicides 269, 275, 278, 283, 294295, 303304, effect on cancer risk in, II: 276; III: 12 309310, 316, 322323, 329, 336337, 13, 430431 342, 347, 357358, 366367, 373, 380, legislation concerning herbicide exposure 402, 411, 420422, 474, 485487, 494, and health of, II: 2829; III: 2627 502504, 508509; V: 177193; VI: leukemia in, I: 13, 564, 570, 571572; II: 132133, 551568 245, 246; III: 385, 386, 389, 392; IV: 7, exposure assessment, I: 234235; VI: 17 380; V: 371; VI: 333, 337 18, 186191 lipid abnormalities in, I: 689, 692; II: 333; federal government activities/research on III: 505506, 521; IV: 7, 494; VI: 463 military use of herbicides, II: 2732; III: liver toxicity in, II: 332; III: 512513; IV: 2530 502504 female reproductive system cancers in, I: low birthweight outcomes for, I: 626, 628; 505, 511512, 577; II: 211, 212; III: III: 457, 459; IV: 7; V: 423424, 425; 333; IV: 7, 322323; V: 311, 312, 313, VI: 383 314315; VI: 275 lung cancer in, III: 298, 301; IV: 6, 283; V: gastrointestinal disorders in, I: 691, 692; III: 278; VI: 240 512513; IV: 502504; V: 502; VI: 466 melanoma in, III: 316, 317; IV: 303304; gastrointestinal tract cancers in, I: 446; II: V: 288, 289, 292, 293294; VI: 256 177, 180181; IV: 7, 255; V: 245246; 259 VI: 220 military experiences, I: 75, 82, 272, 286, 399 genitourinary tract cancers in, I: 513, 518, motor/coordination dysfunction in, I: 659 522; II: 223224; III: 272273, 275, 660, 662; II: 309, 310; III: 469, 470; IV: 277278, 279, 281; IV: 7, 342 7, 448 health care of, II: 28, 29; III: 26, 27 multiple myeloma in, I: 526, 562, 563; II: health concerns of, I: 1, 3234, 4647; II: 244; III: 380, 382; IV: 6, 10, 373; V: 1724, 2627; III: 1730 365; VI: 325 hepatic enzyme disorders in, I: 687 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer in, I: 459, 460; hepatobiliary cancers in, I: 455, 457; II: II: 189; III: 290, 291; IV: 7, 275; V: 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285286, 288; 268; VI: 229230 IV: 7, 269; V: 264; VI: 226 National Personnel Records Center listing, herbicide exposure assessment issues, II: 4 I: 17 5, 14, 1724, 2627; III: 2, 56, 142, neural tube defects in offspring, numbers, 143, 146150; IV: 122127; V: 28 II: 297; IV: 7, 18, 404405; V: 16
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From page 662... ...
662 INDEX neurobehavioral disorders in, II: 305, 308, 349357; III: 1415, 2223, 124, 127 309, 310, 311, 313, 314; III: 467, 468; 128, 430431; IV: 20, 105108; V: 7, IV: 457459; V: 472; VI: 410 910, 23; VI: 910, 221 neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 653656, serum testing, I: 2021 658; II: 308; III: 469; IV: 443; VI: 430 skin cancer in, I: 501, 505; II: 209; III: 312; 431 IV: 7, 301; VI: 256259, 265 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 526, 541 soft-tissue sarcoma in, I: 475, 492498, 548, 549; II: 234; III: 363, 365, 370 500; II: 205, 208; III: 309310; IV: 6, 371; IV: 6, 357358; V: 348350, 354, 294295; V: 286287; VI: 251 355; VI: 312 South Koreans, I: 6162; VI: 1, 67, 188 number of, I: 3, 4, 74, 7580 189 outreach activities, II: 31; III: 28 (See also spina bifida in offspring, II: 910, 296, 298, Air Force Health Study [AFHS] ; 301; III: 7, 8, 910, 21, 2425, 437 Compensation, veterans; Demographic 438; IV: 7, 10, 18, 402 data, Vietnam veterans; Operation spontaneous abortions in, I: 601603, 605; Ranch Hand; Risk assessment)
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From page 663... ...
INDEX 663 herbicide environmental exposure, II: 144 WHO. See World Health Organization 145, 148, 287288; III: 283 Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)
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From page 664... ...
664 INDEX World War II, I: 25, 32, 82; II: 150, 268; III: X 237, 420; VI: 135 WRAT. See Wide Range Achievement Test Xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs)
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