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From page 221... ...
221 Index A Assessment large-scale, 68 AAAS. See American Association of student learning in for the Advancement of laboratory experiences, 10, Science 200 AAPT.
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From page 222... ...
222 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT Budgeting for laboratory facilities, Computer technologies and equipment, and supplies, laboratory experiences, 173174 103106 Building Officials and Code computer technologies Administrators International, designed to support Inc., 183 learning, 103105 computer technologies designed to support C science, 105106 California Department of scaffolded representations of Education, 3031 natural phenomena, 103 California Institute of Technology, 104 155 structured interactions with Center for Embedded Networked complex phenomena and Sensing (CENS) , 106 ideas, 105 Changing goals structured simulations of for the nature of science, 23 inaccessible phenomena, for science education, 2223, 104105 2829 Conclusions Chemical Education Materials regarding current high school group, 23 laboratory experiences, 6 Chemical hygiene plan (CHP)
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From page 223... ...
INDEX 223 Current debates, 3031 D Current high school laboratory experiences, 69, 197 Databases, access to large, 32 conclusions regarding, 6 Daugherty, Ellyn, 65 laboratory facilities and school Design of effective laboratory organization, 78 experiences state standards and clearly communicated accountability systems, 89 purposes, 101 teacher preparation for integrated learning of science laboratory experiences, 7 concepts and processes, 102 Current laboratory experiences, ongoing discussion and 116137 reflection, 102 features of, 119120 principles for, 101102 quality of current laboratory sequenced into the flow of experiences, 123133 information, 4, 102 quantity of laboratory Developing new science curricula, instruction, 118123 2326 summary, 133134 new approaches included in the unique nature of post-Sputnik science laboratory experiences, curricula, 25 117118 Developing practical skills, 77, 92 Current patterns in implementing 93 safety policies, 184186 evidence from research on estimated costs of improving integrated instructional laboratory safety, 186 units, 93 laboratory science safety evidence from research on checklists, 185 typical laboratory Current state of teacher experiences, 9293 knowledge, in preservice Developing scientific reasoning, education, 145148 7677, 9092 uneven qualifications of evidence from research on preservice science integrated instructional education, 147148 units, 9192 uneven qualifications of evidence from research on science teachers, 145147 typical laboratory Curricula. See also New science experiences, 9091 curricula, developing; Post- Developing teamwork abilities, 77 Sputnik science curricula Dewey, John, 2021 changing roles of, 2930 Diffusion, across a selectively influence on science permeable membrane, 125 instruction, 7, 6164 Disabilities Education Act, 50 Discovery learning and inquiry, 2627
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From page 224... ...
224 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT Discussion, ongoing, 102 Effectiveness of laboratory Disparities experiences, 46, 10, 86 in laboratory equipment, 179 101, 200 180 conclusions regarding, 6 in supplies, 180182 description of the literature Disparities in laboratory review, 8688 experiences, 120123 developing practical skills, 92 by ethnicity, 122123 93 and science course offerings, interest in science and interest 121122 in learning science, 9598 variation in course-taking, mastery of subject matter, 88 120121 90 Disparities in laboratory facilities, overall effectiveness of 177179 laboratory experiences, 99 by proportion of minority 101 students, 178 teamwork, 9899 by proportion of students understanding the nature of eligible for free or reduced- science, 9395 price lunch, 179 Emergency Planning and Right-to Diverse populations of learners, Know laws and regulations, 10, 200 183 Diversity increases, 4851 Empirical work, understanding the linguistic and ethnic diversity, complexity and ambiguity 49 of, 77 in schools, 27 Enrollment increases, 4851 special educational needs, 49 linguistic and ethnic diversity, 49 51 special educational needs, 49 in U.S. science education, 48 51 51 in U.S.
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From page 225... ...
INDEX 225 on mastery of subject matter, Project ICAN, 153 8990 providing expert assistance to on teamwork, 9899 schools and teachers, 155 on understanding the nature of 156 science, 9495 Expert assistance, providing to Evidence from research on typical schools and teachers, 155 laboratory experiences 156 on developing practical skills, 9293 F on interest in science and interest in learning science, Facilities, equipment 9596 and safety, 168192 on mastery of subject matter, disparities in laboratory 8889 equipment, 179180 on teamwork, 98 disparities in laboratory on understanding the nature of facilities, 177179 science, 94 disparities in supplies, 180 Evidence on the effectiveness of 182 laboratory experiences, laboratory safety, 182189 195197 providing, 168192 attainment of educational goals summary, 189 in different types of and supplies, 168192 laboratory experiences, 196 budgeting for laboratory principles of instructional facilities, equipment, and design, 197 supplies, 173174 Examples designing laboratory of high school chemistry experiences and facilities laboratory experiences, 130 when resources are scarce, of integrated instructional 175177 units, 8285 laboratories on wheels, 176 Examples of professional laboratory design and development focused on student learning, 169173 laboratory teaching, 151156 Feedback, 81 13-week science methodology Fermi National Accelerator course, 152153 Laboratory, 132 Biological Sciences Curriculum Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Study, 154 Center, 154 Laboratory Learning: An Frequency of accidents and Inservice Institute, 152 injuries, 186187 professional development Future perspectives, 199201 partnerships with the assessment of student learning scientific community, 154 in laboratory experiences, 155 10, 200
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From page 226... ...
226 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT continued learning about HHMI. See Howard Hughes laboratory experiences, 10, Medical Institute 200 High school science diverse populations of role and vision of laboratory learners, 10, 200 experiences in, 16 effective teaching and learning and undergraduate science in laboratory experiences, achievement, in U.S.
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From page 227... ...
INDEX 227 Instructional design, principles of, International comparative test 6, 197 results, 4647 Instructional design principles, International Technology quality of current laboratory Education Association, 172 experiences compared with, 173 123127 Internet links, 32, 120 Integrated instructional units, 82 Introductory Physical Science, 23 85, 196 24 assessment to support learning, 81 K in community-centered environments, 81 Kilpatrick, William, 21 Computer as Learning Partner, Knowledge-centered 8485 environments, informing design of, 8182 integrated instructional effectiveness of, 5 units, 8081 in knowledge-centered Knowledge Integration environments, 8081 Environment project, 92 in learner-centered Knowledge of assessment, 143144 environments, 79 principles of learning informing, 7981 L scaling up Chemistry That Laboratories on wheels, 176 Applies, 8283 Laboratory design and student for science concepts and learning, 169173 processes, 102 Laboratory experiences, 127131 ThinkerTools, 84 approaches to learning physics Interactions using a pendulum, 128129 with complex phenomena and attainment of educational goals ideas, structured, 105 in different types of, 196 with data drawn from the real committee definition of, 3 world, 3, 32 continued learning about, 10, with simulations, 3132 200 Interest in science and interest in defining, 3134, 37 learning science, 9598 diffusion across a selectively evidence from research on permeable membrane, 125 integrated instructional disparities in, 120123 units, 9798 examples of, 130 evidence from research on overall effectiveness of, 99101 typical laboratory quality of current laboratory experiences, 9596 experiences compared with student perceptions of typical a range of, 127131 laboratory experiences, 96 97
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From page 228... ...
228 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT role in science education, 193 Laboratory facilities and equipment 194 role of the scientific science courses and, 118120 community in providing, what students do in, 132133 6566 Laboratory experiences and and school organization, 78 facilities, designing when Laboratory-focused curriculum, resources are scarce, 175 role of the scientific 177 community in providing, 65 Laboratory experiences and Laboratory Learning: An Inservice student learning, 75115, Institute, 152 194197 Laboratory safety, 182189 computer technologies and checklists for, 185 laboratory experiences, current patterns in 103106 implementing safety defining, 194195 policies, 184186 effectiveness of laboratory estimated costs of improving, experiences, 86101 186 evidence on the effectiveness frequency of accidents and of laboratory experiences, injuries, 186187 195197 lack of systemic safety goals of laboratory enforcement, 187189 experiences, 7678, 195 liability for student safety, 182 principles for design of standards of care for student effective laboratory safety, 183184 experiences, 101102 Laboratory Science Teacher recent developments in Professional Development research and design of Program, 154 laboratory experiences, 78 Laboratory teaching and learning, 85 scheduling, 157159 summary, 106108 Learner-centered environments, Laboratory experiences for the 21st informing integrated century, 193201 instructional units, 79 current high school laboratory Learners, diverse populations of, experiences, 197 10, 200 readiness of teachers and Learning goals, need for focus on schools to provide clear, 6, 123124 laboratory experiences, Liability for student safety, 182 198199 teachers' duty of instruction, role of laboratory experiences 182 in science education, 193 teachers' duty of maintenance, 194 182 toward the future, 199201 teachers' duty of supervision, 182
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From page 229... ...
INDEX 229 Limitations of the research, 8687 National Fire Protection Linguistic and ethnic diversity, 49 Association, Inc., 183 The literature review, 8688 National Human Genome Research description of, 8688 Institute, 67 limitations of the research, 86 National Institute for Occupational 87 Safety and Health, 183 scope of the literature search, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 8788 67 National Research Council (NRC)
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From page 230... ...
230 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT O science standards and assessments, 5361 Organisation for Economic Co- state high school graduation Operation and Development requirements, 5152 (OECD) , Programme for state requirements for higher International Student education admissions, 52 Assessment, 44, 4647 53 OSHA.
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From page 231... ...
INDEX 231 Project ICAN, 153 R Project Physics, 24 Project SEED, 67 Readiness of teachers and schools PSSC. See Physical Science Study to provide laboratory Committee experiences, 198199 Public understanding of science, in Reflection and discussion the United States, 4344 lack of, 127 Purposes, clearly communicating, ongoing, 102 101 Remote access to scientific instruments and observations, 32 Q Representations of natural phenomena, scaffolded, Qualifications 103104 of preservice science Research, development, and education, uneven, 147148 implementation of effective of science teachers, uneven, laboratory experiences, 9 145147 11, 7985 Quality of current laboratory assessment of student learning experiences, 6, 123133 in laboratory experiences, comparison with a range of 10, 200 laboratory experiences, continued learning about 127131 laboratory experiences, 10, comparison with instructional 200 design principles, 123127 design of integrated isolation from the flow of instructional units, 8182 science instruction, 124126 diverse populations of lack of focus on clear learning learners, 10, 200 goals, 123124 effective teaching and learning lack of reflection and in laboratory experiences, discussion, 127 10, 200 little integration of science examples of integrated content and science instructional units, 8285 process, 126127 principles of learning what students do in laboratory informing integrated experiences, 132133 instructional units, 7981 Quantity of laboratory instruction, recent developments in, 7885 118123 school organization for disparities in laboratory effective laboratory experiences, 120123 teaching, 10, 200 science courses and laboratory experiences, 118120
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From page 232... ...
232 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT RE-SEED. See Retirees Enhancing Science standards and assessments, Science Education through 5361 Experiments and hands-on performance Demonstration assessment of laboratory Resource Conservation and learning, 5859 Recovery Act, 183184 implementing state standards, Retirees Enhancing Science 57, 6061 Education through state science assessments and Experiments and the goals of laboratories, Demonstration, 155 5557 state science standards and the goals of laboratories, 5455 S The scientific community, 6467 School organization, for effective providing laboratory facilities laboratory teaching, 10, 200 and equipment, 6566 Schools and Staffing Survey, 177 providing laboratory-focused Schwab, Joseph, 23, 26 curriculum, 65 Science achievement in secondary providing student internships, school, 4447 6667 results of international Scientific issues, making informed comparative tests, 4647 decisions about, 1 results of National Science Scientific reasoning, developing, Achievement Tests, 4446 7677, 9092 in U.S.
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From page 233... ...
INDEX 233 State standards and accountability role of the scientific systems, 89 community in providing conclusions regarding, 9 internships for, 6667 and the goals of laboratories, Subject matter, enhancing mastery 5455 of, 76 Structured interactions, with Supervision, teachers' duty of, 182 complex phenomena and Support ideas, 105 for laboratory teaching, 156 Structured simulations, of 159 inaccessible phenomena, scheduling laboratory teaching 104105 and learning, 157159 Student activities included among for teachers with professional laboratory experiences, 31 development, 156157 32 Systemic safety enforcement, lack access to large databases, 32 of, 187189 enabling by Internet links, 32 interaction with data drawn T from the real world, 32 interaction with simulations, Teacher and school readiness for 3132 laboratory experiences, physical manipulation of the 138167 real-world substances or summary, 160 systems, 31 supporting laboratory remote access to scientific teaching, 156159 instruments and Teacher knowledge for a range of observations, 32 laboratory experiences, Student perceptions of typical 139145 laboratory experiences, and general pedagogical interest in science and knowledge, 142143 interest in learning science, knowledge of assessment, 9697 143144 Student safety, standards of care pedagogical content for, 183184 knowledge, 141142 Students science content knowledge, carrying out laboratory 140141 investigations, 1 Teachers diverse populations of, 10, 200 changing roles of, 2930 eligible for free or reduced- knowledge in action, 144145 price lunch, disparities in preparation for laboratory laboratory facilities by experiences, 7 proportion of, 179 uneven qualifications of, 145 147
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From page 234... ...
234 AMERICA'S LAB REPORT Teachers' capacity to lead rising enrollments and laboratory experiences, increasing diversity, 4851 139156 science achievement in current state of teacher secondary school, 4447 knowledge -- preservice toward the future, 199201 education, 145148 Typology professional development for of school laboratory laboratory teaching, 149 experiences, 36 156 of scientists' activities, 35 Teachers' duties instruction, 182 U maintenance, 182 supervision, 182 Understanding the nature of "Teaching for understanding," 157 science, 77, 9395 Teamwork, 9899 evidence from research on evidence from research on integrated instructional integrated instructional units, 9495 units, 9899 evidence from research on evidence from research on typical laboratory typical laboratory experiences, 94 experiences, 98 U.S. Census Bureau, 177 Teamwork abilities, developing, 77 U.S.
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From page 235... ...
INDEX 235 von Liebig, Justus, 19 VPI. See Virginia Polytechnic Institute W Waterman, Alan, 22 Z Zacharias, Jerrold, 22, 24
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