Computer Assisted Modeling Contributions of Computational Approaches to Elucidating Macromolecular Structure and Function (1987) / Chapter Skim
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9 Hardware
9 Hardware
Pages 144-153
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From page 144... ...
The advent of Cray-type supercomputers connected by national communications networks has given scientists access to more computer power for molecular energy calculations. More recently, the development of special purpose array processors made it possible to have in the laboratory computational power roughly comparable to the supercomputers.
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From page 145... ...
computational power. With this level of numeric and logical computational power available in the next year at a scientific workstation there will be little need for separate machines to perform special functions.
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From page 146... ...
DIAI.OG-like application program window and functionality specification The Ethernet originated at the XEROX Palo Alto Research Center. The TCP/IP protocol was developed for the DARPAnet, operated for the Department of Defense, and 80 is in the pub kc domain.
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From page 147... ...
Similarly, with adherence to the standards, it will be possible to send and receive molecular structure data sets all over the world using global communications networks such as BITNET, CSnet, DARPAnet, Japan Universities net (JUnet) , and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization net in Australia (CSTROnet)
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From page 148... ...
The protein folding problem seems to be the gauge of this question, since molecular dynamics programs calculate atom position charge in 1o-~5 "coed time steps. If proteins really take minutes to fold, then computation will have to go from 10-~5 to 102 seconds.
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From page 149... ...
Postdoctoral students returning to their country of origin bring their personal computers. Floppy disks containing data files and even whole books form a new type of currency in countries operating centrally planned economies.
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From page 150... ...
PCs will rise In power to be general purpose workstations. THE NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTER NETWORK The national supercomputer initiative sponsored by NSF allocates available computer time by a peer-review process.
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From page 151... ...
The market forces in Australia will probably dominate when the scientists realize that superior computing and graphics performance can be obtained by purchasing a machine. Once a machine is in a department or lam oratory, the problem of centralized national supercomputer access and allocation is essentially ended.
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From page 152... ...
in Washington, D.C., the protein structure data base at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the small organic molecule crystal structure data base at Cambridge University. Generating tapes for institutional and random scientific users is becoming an increasing burden for the data base operators.
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From page 153... ...
Our overall competitiveness will be determined by our ability to form Inks between previously separate activities. It is already clear that biotechnology as an offshoot of our national expertise in molecular biology wall be increasingly determined by the way we use computers in computational chemistry, macromolecular modeling, and the design of proteins.
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