Strengthening Long-Term Nuclear Security Protecting Weapon-Usable Material in Russia (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix J Russian Federal Target Program on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Russia for 2000–2006
Appendix J Russian Federal Target Program on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Russia for 2000–2006
Pages 87-104
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From page 87... ...
J Russian Federal Target Program on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Russia for 200020061 AFFIRMED By resolution of the Government Of the Russian Federation February 22, 2000, No. 149 FEDERAL TARGETED PROGRAM ON NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN RUSSIA2 FOR 2000-2006 BASIC INFORMATION Program Name Federal Targeted Program on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Russia for 2000-2006 Basis for Order No.
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From page 88... ...
I Developers Leipunsky Institute of Physics and Power Engineering State Science of Program Center Goal and Basic The goal of the Program is to comprehensively address problems of Objectives of ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety of the state with the aim of Program reducing to a socially acceptable level the risk of radiation effects on humans and their living environment arising from the operation of atomic energy facilities and natural and manufactured sources of ionizing radiation.
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From page 89... ...
APPENDIX J 89 The basic objectives of the Program are as follows: · Comprehensively addressing problems related to the management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials in order to prevent their harmful impact on humans and the environment · Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety at enterprises involved in the nuclear fuel cycle · Ensuring safety for active and decommissioned atomic power stations, experimental and research reactors, and critical and subcritical stands · Developing promising means of using atomic energy while ensuring an increased level of nuclear and radiation safety, including by replacing more environmentally dangerous technologies · Improving the system for training, retraining, and professional development for personnel in the atomic energy field · Developing the system for state accounting and control of nuclear materials and the system for state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes · Improving the physical protection of nuclear materials, nuclear facilities, and nuclear material storage sites · Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety at shipbuilding enterprises during the construction, repair, and dismantlement of atomic submarines and nuclear-powered ships of the Russian Navy as well as nuclear powered ships and nuclear maintenance ships of the Russian Federation Ministry of Transportation · Ensuring the readiness of management agencies and the forces and means of territorial and functional subsystems of the unified state system for preventing and eliminating the consequences of extreme situations so that they can accomplish objectives related to preventing and eliminating the consequences of radiation-related extreme situations within the Russian Federation · Improving existing technologies and developing new ones for rehabilitating territories and industrial facilities subjected to radioactive contamination · Improving state monitoring of the radiation situation within the Russian Federation · Ensuring radiation safety with regard to the operation of industrial enterprises that use materials containing natural radionuclides · Developing and improving the system of medical-sanitary service and labor protection for workers at nuclear and radiation hazard facilities and for risk groups in the population subjected to increased levels of radiation effects · Managing informational-analytical databases with regard to protecting the health of the population and atomic energy industry workers against the effects of various sources of ionizing radiation · Developing methods and means for the long-term prediction of the safe operation of atomic energy facilities with regard to their safety to humanity and the environment · Developing and implementing federal norms and rules on atomic energy use to establish requirements for nuclear and radiation safety (technical and sanitary-hygienic aspects) , physical protection, and accounting and control of nuclear materials, radioactive substances, and radioactive wastes
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From page 90... ...
90 APPENDIX J Terms and Stages 2000 2006 of Program Stage I: 2000-2001 Implementation Stage II: 2002-2003 Stage III: 2004-2006 List of The Program includes 20 subprograms: Subprograms · Management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials, including their reprocessing and burial · Safety of the Russian atomic industry · Safety of atomic power stations and nuclear research reactors · New generation atomic power stations and nuclear reactors with increased safety features · Improvement of the system for training, retraining, and professional development of personnel · Organization of the system of state accounting and control of nuclear materials and the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes · Nuclear and radiation safety at shipbuilding industry enterprises · Protection of the population and territories from the consequences of possible radiation accidents · Methodological support for activities to protect the population and rehabilitate territories subjected to radioactive contamination · Creation of a unified automated state system for monitoring the radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Federation · Reducing the level of radiation exposure to the population and technogenous contamination of the environment due to natural radionuclides · Organization of a unified state system for control and accounting of individual doses of radiation received by citizens and the health status of risk groups in the population who have been subjected to increased levels of radiation effects · Organization of a system of medical care and labor protection for workers subjected to radiation at their work sites · Organization of a system of medical care for persons from risk groups in the population who have been subjected to increased levels of radiation effects · Provision of specialized medical care in connection with eliminating the consequences of radiation accidents · Means and methods of studying and analyzing the effects of nuclear and radiation hazard facilities on the environment and humanity · Methods of analyzing and providing scientific justification for the safety of facilities presenting nuclear and radiation danger · Strategy for ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety of Russia · Development of federal norms and rules on nuclear safety and radiation safety (technical aspects) · Development of federal norms and rules on radiation safety (sanitary hygienic aspects)
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From page 91... ...
Expected End · Development and use of modern technologies for safe operations in Results of the management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials and Program the reprocessing and reliable isolation of radioactive wastes and spent Implementation nuclear materials · Development and implementation at nuclear fuel cycle enterprises of nuclear-, radiation-, explosive-, and fire-safe technologies as well as safer equipment · Improvement of systems which diagnose the operational status of units and equipment at atomic power stations and nuclear research reactors as well as an increase in the technical quality of their maintenance and servicing · Development of designs for promising new nuclear reactors for various purposes and types with increased levels of nuclear and radiation safety and improved technical and economic characteristics · Training of operating personnel at atomic energy facilities using modern technical means created for this purpose and on the basis of educational-methodological innovations including elements of psychological preparation of personnel for operations under extreme conditions · Creation and operation of the system of state accounting and control of nuclear materials and the state system of accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes · Prevention of nuclear terrorism and reduction of the likelihood of losses, thefts, and unauthorized use of nuclear materials · Development of planning and design documentation and technological blueprints for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety during the dismantlement of the reactor blocks from atomic submarines and ships and during the handling of nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes at shipbuilding industry enterprises · Reduction of the risk of exceeding allowable radiation dose limits to the population, minimization of the number of exposed individuals and radiation doses in the event of radiation accidents, and reduction of the consequences of such accidents for territories and industrial facilities 3 This was equivalent to $264 million at the 2/22/00 exchange rate.
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From page 92... ...
Pr-2214 of the President of the Russian Federation, dated December 11, 1996. As a result of the production of nuclear weapons materials, the operation of nuclear power plants, the activities of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises, the operation of nuclear submarines and nuclear-powered ships, and other types of activities related to the use of atomic energy in the Russian Federation, a significant amount of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel has accumulated, and its management presents a serious problem.
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From page 93... ...
The complexity involved in addressing this problem arises from the fact that in the past the necessary attention was not paid to developing a methodology for the comprehensive analysis of questions related to Russia's nuclear and radiation security and the long-term forecasting of its status. Under present conditions, the goal of state policy must be to minimize radiation effects on humanity and its living environment by significantly increasing the safety of existing and planned atomic energy facilities, ensuring the safe management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials, and taking special measures for the radiation protection of the population, the rehabilitation of contaminated territories, and the physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities.
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From page 94... ...
GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM The primary goal of the Program is to comprehensively address the problem of ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety and security of the state with the aim of reducing to a socially acceptable level, the risk of radiation effects on humanity and its living environment due to the use of atomic energy and technogenic and natural sources of ionizing radiation. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to accomplish the following basic objectives: · comprehensively resolving the problem of the management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials in order to prevent their harmful impact on humanity and the environment · ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises · ensuring the safety of existing and decommissioned atomic power stations, experimental and research reactors, and critical and subcritical stands
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From page 95... ...
The following fundamental principles for ensuring radiation safety will also be taken into account:
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During Stage I (2000-2001) , plans call for determining the most effective means and measures for overcoming the negative consequences of the use of atomic energy and technogenic and natural sources of ionizing radiation.
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From page 97... ...
APPENDIX J 97 · creating storage sites and repositories for radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel · taking measures to ensure environmental safety in regions where underground nuclear explosions were detonated for civilian purposes · improving technologies for managing radioactive wastes formed during the operation and dismantlement of nuclear-powered ships of the Russian Federation Ministry of Transportation · developing and implementing promising nuclear-, radiation-, explosive-, and fire-safe technologies, as well as safer equipment · improving the quality of technical service and repair of systems and equipment at nuclear power plants · creating a system for preventing and eliminating the consequences of extreme situations at nuclear power plants and other nuclear and radiation hazard facilities, including crisis centers and research and consultative centers · developing the material-technical and organizational base for emergency rescue units of the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy in the aim of ensuring their readiness to carry out emergency rescue efforts · carrying out scientific research and experimental design work to improve the nuclear and radiation safety of the atomic industry fuel cycle by using fast neutron reactors · developing and implementing training and methodological aids and modern technical means of instruction, including full-scale training simulators, at educational and training points and centers at nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel cycle enterprises · improving the accounting and control of nuclear materials, radioactive substances, and radioactive wastes as well as the physical protection of facilities that use atomic energy · developing transportation engineering plans for managing spent nuclear fuel, radioactive wastes and reactor blocks at shipbuilding industry enterprises The following basic measures are called for under Category II, Protection of the Population, Rehabilitation of Contaminated Territories, and Monitoring of the Radiation Situation: · developing modern means for the individual and collective protection of the population and personnel serving in units taking part in the elimination of the consequences of extreme situations · improving the automated information and management system for prevention and action in extreme situations related to radiation accidents · developing the necessary regulatory and methodological base in accordance with Russian Federation legislation regarding protection of the population and territories from extreme radiation situations due to natural and technogenic causes
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From page 98... ...
and evaluating the status of radiation-contaminated ecosystems · developing scientific methodology and software for reliably analyzing the safety of hazardous nuclear and radiation facilities · developing scientific analytical foundations and risk evaluation methods for application to problems of ensuring radiation safety for humanity and the environment · carrying out conceptual studies to provide the scientific basis for new designs of nuclear power reactors and other hazardous nuclear and radiation facilities that will have the maximum possible level of self-protection, with these efforts to include development of principles for creating new technologies for reprocessing spent nuclear materials in order to reduce environmental risk
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From page 99... ...
APPENDIX J 99 · developing a long-term strategy, principles, and criteria for ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety of Russia, taking into account the introduction of modern technologies related to the use of atomic energy The following basic measures are planned under Category V, State Regulation of Nuclear and Radiation Safety with Regard to the Use of Atomic Energy: · developing criteria, principles, and basic requirements for ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety of existing and planned atomic power stations · developing federal norms and rules regarding the nuclear and radiation safety of enterprises and plants involved in the nuclear fuel cycle · developing sanitary norms and rules regarding radiation safety for personnel at nuclear and radiation hazard facilities · developing sanitary norms and rules regarding radiation safety for the population EXPECTED RESULTS OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION The following results will be achieved through implementation of measures called for in the Program: · development and use of modern technologies for safe operations in the management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials and the reprocessing and reliable isolation of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear materials · development and implementation at nuclear fuel cycle enterprises of nuclear-, radiation-, explosive-, and fire-safe technologies as well as safer equipment · improvement of the system for operational diagnosis of the condition of units and equipment at nuclear power plants and research reactors and improvement of the technical quality of their maintenance · development of designs for various types of promising nuclear reactors for various purposes with an increased level of nuclear and radiation safety and improved technical and economic characteristics · training of operating personnel at facilities that use atomic energy through the use of modern technical means created specially for this purpose and on the basis of training and methodological innovations including elements of psychological training of personnel for operations under extreme conditions · creation and operation of the system of state accounting and control of nuclear materials and the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes · prevention of nuclear terrorism and the reduction of the likelihood of losses, thefts, and unauthorized use of nuclear materials
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From page 100... ...
100 APPENDIX J · development of planning and design documentation and technological blueprints for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety during the dismantlement of the reactor blocks from atomic submarines and ships and during the handling of nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes at shipbuilding industry enterprises · reduction of the risk of exceeding allowable limits on radiation doses to the population, minimization of the number of exposed individuals and radiation doses in the event of radiation accidents, and reduction of the consequences of such accidents for territories and industrial facilities · return to productive use of industrial facilities, agricultural lands, and other territories subjected to radioactive contamination as a result of defense program operations or radiation-related extreme situations · development and operation of a modern unified automated state system for monitoring the radiation situation within the territory of the Russian Federation · reduction of the human irradiation level from natural radionuclides at home and on the job and reduction of technogenic contamination of the environment by such materials · development of modern methods and equipment for conducting medical investigations and prophylaxis and treatment of workers at nuclear and radiation hazard facilities and of risk groups in the population who have been subjected to increased levels of radiation effects · creation and operation of a unified state system for control and accounting of individual radiation doses received by citizens; establishment of a state radiation epidemiological registry of persons who have suffered from radiation effects and have been subjected to radiation exposure as a result of Chernobyl and other radiation catastrophes and incidents; operation of a unified medical-dosimetric registry for atomic industry workers; and preparation of radiation-hygiene data sheets on organizations and territories · development of a scientifically grounded long-term strategy for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety for humanity and the environment while using atomic energy in various sectors of the economy, medicine, and scientific research · improvement of the regulatory and legal base with regard to defining requirements for the safe and secure use of atomic energy in various sectors of the economy, medicine, and scientific research RESOURCE SUPPORT FOR PROGRAM The Program is to be financed from the following sources: · federal budget funds · funds from the budgets of Russian Federation subjects
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MECHANISM FOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION The state contractors for the Program are the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy (Program coordinator) ; the Russian Federation Ministry on Civil Defense, Extreme Situations, and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters; the Russian Federation Ministry of Health; the Russian Federation Ministry of Science and Technology; the Russian Federation Ministry of Economics; Russian Federation State Committee on Environmental Protection; Russian Shipbuilding Agency; and the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety.
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From page 102... ...
Preliminary work within the Program framework to address various aspects singled out during the Program implementation process with regard to ensuring nuclear and radiation safety and security in various economic sectors and regions of the Russian Federation is to be carried out in accordance with the decision of the Program directorate. ORGANIZATION OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION Organization of Program management and monitoring of the course of its implementation are the responsibilities of the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy.
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From page 103... ...
SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM The overall socioeconomic effect of Program implementation is achieved through · improvement of the radiation ecology situation in areas where atomic energy facilities operate and in rehabilitated territories · reduction in direct and indirect economic losses as a result of the elimination of the likelihood that serious radiation accidents will occur · prevention or reduction of the possible damage from increased radiation effects on humanity and the environment as a result of a worsened radiation situation by means of taking operational actions to localize and eliminate its consequences · effective operation of the medical-sanitary system for protecting the health of individuals employed at nuclear and radiation hazard facilities and of the population living in adjacent territories
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