Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making: Summary of a Workshop
Appendix A Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making: Summary of a Workshop
Pages 91-118
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From page 91... ...
Outside researchers responded to the presentations and suggested possible improvements to the data infrastructure. The workshop was geared toward national data only, so large state-level dietary databases were not discussed.
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From page 92... ...
The fifth session, on food consumption data and health, included presentations from USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion and from the National Cancer Institute. Each of these sessions included a discussion of data needs for that topic by individual researchers working outside of the federal government.
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From page 93... ...
NHANES' objective is to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States, and the data are used in making public health policy. Clifford Johnson, director of the NHANES program at NCHS, gave an overview of NHANES specifically focusing on its nutrition component.
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From page 94... ...
NHANES was changed in 2002. Until 2001, the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA had conducted the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII)
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The FPQ was adapted from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Diet Health Questionnaire.
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From page 96... ...
Demographics of household members include income, education, age, gender, race, home ownership, job status, plus Food Stamp Program participation, free meals, and poverty status. The CE does not collect data on who in the family made the purchase, who consumed the food, and the quantity purchased.
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From page 97... ...
CREST represents each of the nine Census Bureau regions. Data are gathered monthly and are available 1 month after collection.
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Helen Jensen of Iowa State University also offered some criticisms of the Nielsen HomeScan Panel during her workshop presentation. Members of the sample have higher incomes and smaller household sizes than the general population, and they are more likely to be married, more likely to be white, and less likely to be Hispanic.
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SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP 99 data lend themselves to different analytic approaches, which allow them to address emerging issues. For example, panel demographic and purchase behavior data can be used to address specific research and policy issues.
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100 APPENDIX A for analyzing economic effects. For example, does country-of-origin labeling affect food purchases?
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SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP 101 demand framework in which the total supply amount (carry-in stocks, production, and imports) and total disappearance amount (exports, domestic use, consumption, spoilage, and carry-out stocks)
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From page 102... ...
The aim of the programs is to eliminate hunger and guarantee freedom from want by eliminating the worry about lack of food. Food and nutrition programs also promote healthy life-styles through nutrition education and by offering guides to dietary choices.
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There are many gaps in information on food consumption data and evaluation of food programs. For example, what is the longitudinal relationship between Food Stamp Program participation and hunger and dietary status?
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It is often difficult to determine whether people participate or are eligible to participate in the major food and nutrition assistance programs. For example, according to Smallwood, there is an underreporting of 20 percent or more of Food Stamp Program participation on the Current Population Survey, and, according to Steven Haider of the Department of Economics at Michigan State University, the participation rate for those eligible for the Food Stamp Program is probably under 50 percent.
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From page 105... ...
Jay Bhattacharya from Stanford University stated that nutritional outcomes are the result of a complex process in which individual decisions interact with constraints imposed by the environment, such as family, job, school, and state and federal policy. The ability of researchers to link data together is critically important to study this complex process.
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From page 106... ...
Food Safety and Inspection Service Philip Derfler of FSIS said that his office needs data to help identify public health issues and trends, and to identify and react to public health risks. FSIS uses food consumption data to estimate benefits and costs in food safety and nutrition regulatory impact analysis; to perform risk assessments to assess exposure to meat and poultry products and how people obtain and use information about the safety and nutritional characteristics of products; and to develop and implement policies on labeling and related education programs.
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From page 107... ...
CFSAN's applied nutrition programs are using NHANES data for its Preventing Obesity Through Better Nutrition Project. CFSAN's future needs include continuing access to multiday food intake surveys.
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From page 108... ...
Miller is concerned that NHANES will not offer a large enough sample size to study small populations in depth. Food Safety -- Data Users Neal Hooker from the Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics at the Ohio State University provided a data user's perspective of food safety.
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From page 109... ...
This is yet another reason why good consumption data are needed, Hentges noted. Food Consumption Data for Cancer and Other Disease Research Susan Krebs-Smith from the Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch of the NIH's National Cancer Institute gave a presentation on her organization's interest in food consumption data.
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Usual intake of rare foods is impossible to examine with only one 24-hour recall. Dietary supplement intakes are not as well quantified as foods, so they are difficult to incorporate into nutrient intake measurements.
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Changes in NHANES coding affect trend, program, and policy analysis. He also noted
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From page 112... ...
This is a missed opportunity, Popkin said. PROPRIETARY DATA FOR POLICY QUESTIONS Abebayehu Tegene began this session by noting that public sources of data may not be sufficient for research or for policy analysis, for which timely data are essential.
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SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP 113 wholesalers. The company does occasional work for the federal government on an ad hoc basis.
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Beres ended her discussion by mentioning two other NPD Group services -- food safety monitor and dieting monitor. The food safety monitor regularly measures consumers' level of concern about various food safety issues.
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Scanner data can be used in evaluation and policy analysis. Scanner data can shed light on market participation: for example, what percentage of consumers is purchasing this product?
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116 APPENDIX A POSSIBLE DATA IMPROVEMENTS AND DATA LINKAGES During this session, four members of the Panel on Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making discussed possible data improvements or data linkages. Ronette Briefel enumerated six areas in which USDA could apply additional funding.
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From page 117... ...
SUMMARY The Workshop on Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making covered various topics related to food consumption over the course of its one-anda-half day meeting. The workshop began with descriptions of key datasets, such as the NHANES, CE, and proprietary datasets.
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From page 118... ...
Many participants expressed concern about the discontinuation of the CSFII -- the loss of the 5,000-person sample and the loss of diet and health knowledge questions and questions on food expenditures. The Panel on Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making considered each of these topics and others for its final report.
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