Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2005 Symposium (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Research and Development at the U.S. Department of Energy on Hydrogen Production and Storage
Research and Development at the U.S. Department of Energy on Hydrogen Production and Storage
Pages 131-142
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From page 131... ...
To promote national energy security, we must develop alternative energy carriers. Molecular hydrogen, the simplest diatomic molecule known, with the highest gravimetric energy content of known fuels, has the potential to be an attractive alternative energy carrier.
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From page 132... ...
The question is how can we efficiently produce and safely deliver, store, and use hydrogen to reap the benefits of reduced emissions, higher energy efficiency, and improved energy security. HYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE The Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, announced by President Bush in 2003, commits $1.2 billon over five years for accelerated R&D and demonstration pro
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From page 133... ...
A brief overview of hydrogen production and the key technical challenges under investigation in the DOE Hydrogen Program will be followed by a discussion of the critical technical challenges of safe and efficient hydrogen storage. In 2003, DOE announced a "grand challenge" to the global technical community on hydrogen storage that culminated in the formation of the National Hydrogen Storage Project (see Figure 2)
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From page 134... ...
In the near term, to avoid large capital investments in infrastructure, small-scale distributed hydrogen production is likely, including distributed natural gas reforming or electrolysis at fueling stations. The key challenge is to meet the DOE goal of $2 to $3 per gallon gasoline equivalent (gge)
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From page 135... ...
Through the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, between DOE and leading automotive and energy industries, technical targets were set for commercially viable vehicular hydrogen storage systems in the United States. Some of these system-level targets for 2010 are: gravimetric capacity of 6 weight percent (= 2.0 kWh/kg)
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From page 136... ...
. Key issues related to LH2 tanks are hydrogen boil-off, the energy required for hydrogen liquefaction (typically 35 percent of the lower heating value of hydrogen)
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From page 137... ...
, can achieve much higher gravimetric capacities without compromising volumetric capacities. Although NaAlH4 cannot meet the DOE targets, this recent discovery has spurred activity around the world on complex metal hydrides.
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From page 138... ...
Other issues related to metal hydrides include low gravimetric capacity and slow uptake and release kinetics. Chemical hydrogen storage refers to chemical reactions, such as the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4 + 2H2O NaBO2 + 4H2)
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From page 139... ...
Working with other countries, DOE has helped organize IPHE conferences on hydrogen storage, hydrogen production, and other research areas to identify, evaluate, and coordinate multinational R&D and demonstration programs to accelerate the advancement of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies (IPHE, 2005)
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From page 140... ...
Pp. 245252 in DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report.
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From page 141... ...
Pp. 195199 in DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report.
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