The National Academies Press

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5 Science to Enable Future Management
Pages 93-108

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From page 93... ... If we are to make tradeoffs between uses and between species, we must try to anticipate the possible outcomes of candidate management policies. Given our present understanding, not enough is known to "steer" exploited marine ecosystems. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... IMPROVING ECOSYSTEM MODELS AND SCENARIO ANALYSIS Choosing goals and standards that would be appropriate for food-web and community management is a worthy but formidable challenge. As discussed in the previous chapter, such approaches will be important in any comprehensive fisheries management planning and will likely include consideration of a wider variety of ecosystem services than the food and economics of fish yields. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... But with increased understanding of per capita effects or population effects, it may be possible to account for the dynamical changes at a variety of trophic levels, and thus legitimize the concept of ecosystem-based management. Estimates of per capita interaction strengths have been made often over the years. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... explore the consequences of aggregation in real food webs. The dynamics of lower trophic levels on which the fished species depend is often poorly known. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Fisheries scientists usually deal with large spatial scales, whereas the relevant data are obtained from finer, spatially explicit regions. While it may have been sufficient to substitute variability observed over time in matters concerning often relatively local single-species management approaches, it will be necessary to characterize variability both in time and space to reduce the uncertainty at the ecosystem level. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... Building models relevant for fisheries management requires the cooperation of many specialists and the integration of information from many sources. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... ANALYZING HISTORICAL TIME-SERIES DATA Current data gathering and analytical approaches for fisheries management will be necessary but not sufficient to support effective management of fisheries impacts on food webs and communities. Further progress is being made through studies that are reconstructing the history of exploited ecosystems, using sophisticated and creative data analysis and synthesis tools to extend data well back in time (Pauly et al. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... . None are without flaws, but the quest to reveal historical levels of exploited populations is vital to determining baselines around which to establish fisheries management and recovery goals. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... Three areas of particular interest include valuation studies, integration of biological and economic models, and examination of governance options for managing ecosystem goals. Valuing Nonmarket Ecosystem Services One of the most important under-researched areas pertaining to marine ecosystems is the issue of ecosystem services valuation. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... ? How do humans perceive the value of intact and relatively pristine marine environments? Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... . Understanding how fishermen react and behave as a result of different management actions is essential when developing ecosystem-based management methods and solutions. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... These are all questions that involve linkages between components of marine ecosystems, which then translate into (mostly) on-site consumptive market value services. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 5 Greater knowledge of food-web interactions, including interactions at lower trophic levels, will be essential to improving ecosystem and food-web models. Model development is based on knowing species interactions and the strength of these interactions. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... Future protocols for ecosystem-based fisheries management will place new demands on social and economic analyses to determine tradeoffs and make strategic decisions. If value-based tradeoffs are to be made when determining fishing harvest strategies, there must be an understanding of the value assigned to non-target species, ecosystem functioning, nonconsumptive uses, and large-scale processes such as climate regulation and nutrient cycling. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... But research is needed to understand how these systems affect incentives in a multi-species setting, and how they might be adapted to handle more inclusive goals associated with fisheries management in the United States. Read the entire page →

From page 93...

... If we are to make tradeoffs between uses and between species, we must try to anticipate the possible outcomes of candidate management policies. Given our present understanding, not enough is known to "steer" exploited marine ecosystems.

5 Science to Enable Future Management Pages 93-108

5 Science to Enable Future Management
Pages 93-108