Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training (2006) / Chapter Skim
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5 Answers to the Military's Questions
5 Answers to the Military's Questions
Pages 219-234
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5 Answers to the Military's Questions This chapter summarizes answers to the specific questions that were posed to the committee. In an attempt to summarize the answers, descriptions of critical issues are merely reviewed.
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The level of specific mineral intakes depends not only on the mineral content of the rations but also on the rations' composition (i.e., interaction with
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Male 11 15 15 1125 Female 8 12 11 NOTE: AI = Adequate Intake; EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; MDRI = Military Dietary Reference Intake; MGT = military garrison training; ND = not determined; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance.
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The most severe caloric deficiency is due to total fasting, which would never be intended during military operations. Without energy or mineral intake but with adequate fluid intake, mineral balances would be negative for all of the minerals under consideration, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, selenium, copper, and iron.
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In military combat settings, where other food sources are unavailable, it would be good clinical policy to avoid prolonged periods of hypocaloric feeding, which could lead to weight losses greater than 10 percent. The principal variables, in terms of mineral balance, of these mildly hypocaloric diets are the macronutrient content (particularly if high or low in protein)
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When the dietary protein is in this range, whether the protein is mostly from highcalcium dairy products (2,400 mg/day) or from mixed-protein and moderate calcium products (500 mg/day of calcium)
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a reduced need for mineral intakes during periods of modest hypocaloric intakes (1,0001,500 kcal/day) that provide at least 50 percent of daily caloric needs.
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Based on the sweat loss findings, the committee adjusted the IOM Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and calculated new EARs and RDAs (EARsMGT and RDAsMGT)
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of the EARMGT, to ensure that 97 98 percent of soldiers will have adequate intake. There were not enough data addressing the impact of sweat losses on magnesium and selenium levels to recommend an increase in dietary intake (see Chapter 3 for details)
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Studies conducted to determine the effects of iron supplementation on mood states also indicate that depression can be alleviated by treating iron deficiency (Beard et al., 2005; Corwin et al., 2003)
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As science emerges regarding the unique nutrient needs of military personnel, additional adjustments will be necessary to meet those needs. The MDRIs should continue to reflect the IOM DRIs, with modifications made to specific nutrient requirements if sufficient scientific evidence demonstrates related needs and benefits.
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When adjusted as described, RDAMGT (and AIMGT) would be the basis of NSORs and would provide adequate levels for military personnel in garrison training.
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However, due to purification processes, it appears that the mineral content of the water for consumption is fairly low and would not contribute significantly to dietary intakes of minerals. The military provides soldiers with water from sources that meet the standards for chemical and microbiological levels.
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Paper presented at the Institue of Medicine Workshop on The Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Per formance of Military Personnel, Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel. Hannan MT, Felson DT, Dawson-Hughes B, Tucker KL, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP.
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Paper presented at the Institue of Medicine Workshop on The Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel, Washington, DC. Institute of Medicine Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Perfor mance of Military Personnel.
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234 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL Specker B, Binkley T
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