Review of Recreational Fisheries Survey Methods (2006) / Chapter Skim
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3 Removal Estimation: Alternative Survey Design and Analysis Method
3 Removal Estimation: Alternative Survey Design and Analysis Method
Pages 57-82
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From page 57... ...
As stated in Chapter 2, and now iterated, the important parameters to estimate from a recreational fishing survey are total recreational fishing effort, total recreational harvest (kept catch) , and total recreational released catch.
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From page 58... ...
This is especially the case in marine fisheries management where the unit of management may range from coastal waters of a small state, to a region involving groups of states, or even up to the national level. One traditional survey is the access-point intercept survey.
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From page 59... ...
. This committee was formed because of a concern for the reliability of a large spatial-scale telephoneaccess survey, which is what the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey (MRFSS)
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From page 60... ...
The diary survey in which fishing and expenditure activity was monitored over 12 months through regular telephone contact by survey interviewers 3) An attitudinal survey administered as a final telephone interview at the completion of the diary survey In general, an advantage of the use of telephone surveys is that one can obtain information on effort and catch rates for anglers not easily reachable in an onsite survey (typically an access survey)
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From page 61... ...
ANGLER SURVEY FRAMES For estimation of removals and related parameters (effort and CPUE) for marine recreational fisheries, frame problems are extremely challenging.
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From page 62... ...
However, many surveys cover such a large spatial area that this becomes completely impractical. Other difficulties with using access-site list frames are discussed further when considering CPUE estimation through angler intercepts.
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From page 63... ...
The same issues of making sure that these lists have minimal under- and overcoverage problems are important. Frames for Catch per Unit Effort Estimation The population of interest for CPUE estimation is the population of angler days or trips.
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From page 64... ...
Since expertise on local geography, fishing modes, and species variation is critical, maintenance and sampling of access-point list frames for CPUE estimation is best done at a local level. Even with outstanding local expertise, access-point list frames have a number of potentially serious deficiencies, as outlined above, and need to be supplemented with area samples or other dual-frame techniques to get at CPUE for anglers not accessing the water from listed public access points.
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From page 65... ...
Therefore, many current license programs would need to be modified substantially to be suitable as a complete sampling frame. The recognized need for a national list frame of anglers is not new, and several previous reviews have offered similar recommendations (National Research Council, 2000)
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From page 66... ...
Thus, to improve the quality and quantity of survey data on marine recreational fisheries, there is a need to establish national standards for existing and proposed state-level saltwater angler licenses or for eventually generating a national universe of marine anglers. It is not automatically necessary to establish a national saltwater fishing license to be administered by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
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From page 67... ...
OTHER SURVEY DESIGNS Panel Surveys A panel survey is another methodology that has been used in collecting recreational fisheries data. One example is the telephone diary panel survey used in Australia to assess recreational fishing (Henry, 2002; Lyle et al., 2002)
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From page 68... ...
Panel survey design was an active area of research in the 1960s. More recent papers by Wolter (1979)
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From page 69... ...
In terms of the impact these surveys might have on recreational fishing, it seems the former would provide less benefit than some other applications, and the latter could provide more. The increased efficiency of estimates of change comes from a high correlation between measured response in one time period and the next.
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From page 70... ...
Then the respondents would be asked questions about where they fished and what they caught state-by-state only for states they indicated they had visited. In each "state frame," they would see a map of fishing sites (or counties or coastal areas)
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From page 71... ...
. Using an internet survey in the for-hire sector to obtain diary information from charter boat owners seems possible and may become routine in the future.
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From page 72... ...
In Alaska, 1,400 charter vessels landed over 60 percent of the reported recreational catch of halibut and lingcod in recent years, with this percentage reaching over 70 percent in southeast Alaska.2 In the Gulf of Mexico, charter vessels land an average of 70 percent of the recreational red snapper catch (35 percent of the total directed catch) , and as a result, a charter vessel moratorium program is being implemented to limit the potential catch from this sector (Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2004a)
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From page 73... ...
Therefore, a census of this sector theoretically is possible because the population of charter and head boats is defined more easily than that of the total angler population. Also, the captains and crew generally have a greater knowledge of the local fish species and could provide more reliable catch data, including species identification and the location of catch.
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From page 74... ...
The use of logbook data is particularly important for fisheries in which fishery-independent surveys are conducted infrequently or not at all because these data will be an essential component of stock assessment calculations. The committee recognizes that logbooks should not be re 3The testimony from a small number of individuals on this topic may not represent the whole fishing community; however, this testimony originated from the largest national organization of charter boat operators.
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From page 75... ...
REMOVAL ESTIMATION 75 quired by more than one level of government (state, regional, federal, and international) , and agencies must be coordinated to avoid the burden of duplicate reporting.
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From page 76... ...
This is the approach usually used in the current MRFSS analyses.
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From page 77... ...
REMOVAL ESTIMATION 77 Medium Domains and Survey Regression Estimation Direct estimation is not reliable if the sample size is too small. In medium domains, the sample size is moderate but not extremely small.
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From page 78... ...
78 REVIEW OF RECREATIONAL FISHERIES SURVEY METHODS In the context of fisheries surveys, possible covariates for effort could include business-related covariates (e.g., bait sales, boat rentals) and weather-related covariates (e.g., precipitation, temperature, wave height)
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From page 79... ...
In either case, the small area model is hierarchical. In area-level models, much of the complexity of the survey design is averaged out, and nonnormality in responses tends to average out as well.
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From page 80... ...
Computation is more complex, but now these methods are routinely taught to statisticians in graduate school and routinely implemented in many government agencies that employ statisticians. Use of These Techniques in Angler Surveys In the context of angler surveys, use of auxiliary variables and small area estimation techniques might be applied to the effort estimates, the CPUE estimates, or the final catch estimates, perhaps after some transformation.
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From page 81... ...
Sampling of each group of anglers (i.e., private, guided, head boat, and charter boat) presents challenges that can differ across the groups.
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From page 82... ...
is increasingly common in many marine recreational fisheries. Although released fish suffer lower mortality than retained fish (the mortality of retained fish is, of course, 100 percent)
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