Alternatives to the Indian Point Energy Center for Meeting New York Electric Power Needs (2006) / Chapter Skim
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2 Demand Side Options
2 Demand Side Options
Pages 18-34
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electricity use (though not that of peak-load growth) will prepares compilations of historic electricity usage patterns continue out to 2015 in the Lower Hudson Valley, but with and forecasts future electricity demand in New York State.
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25. TABLE 2-2 Weather-Normalized Summer Peak Power, Past and Forecast, in Megawatts, for Three New York Regions and Statewide, Selected Years from 1993 Through 2015 Lower Hudson Valley: New York City: Long Island: New York State: Year NYCA Zones G, H, Ia NYCA Zone J NYCA Zone K NYCA 1993 3,337 8,365 3,595 27,000 1997 3,650 9,609 4,273 28,400 2001 4,421 10,424 4,901 30,780 2005 4,410 11,315 5,230 31,960 2009 4,849 11,965 5,580 33,770 2013 5,331 12,426 5,981 35,180 2015 5,590 12,648 6,112 35,670 Growth per year: 1993-2004 2.365% 2.610% 3.270% 1.382% 2004-2015 2.380% 1.190% 1.618% 1.166% aNYCA, New York Control Area; Zone G, Hudson Valley; Zone H, Northern Westchester County; Zone I, rest of Westchester County.
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The state's only summer and winter peaks when regional generating reperformance-based rate-making plan based on capping rev- sources and transmission capacity are most constrained-enues2 lapsed in 1997. The New York State Energy Research hence the focus on demand-side options that could displace and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
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Measures of Potential Thus, investments in reducing peak demand through energy efficiency measures can have a value of 118 percent of the Demand-Side Options actual reduction in avoiding the addition of new capacity.4 Energy-efficiency mechanisms can include mandatory ef This chapter considers two types of demand-side options: ficiency standards for buildings and appliances; targeted fi nancial incentives and assistance; codes; information and · Energy efficiency programs (principally in the commer education programs; and research on energy-efficient techcial and residential sectors) and demand-response (DR)
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Demand-response programs allow consumers to respond The improvement in efficiency provided by combined to electricity prices directly, offering mechanisms to help heat and power reduces emissions of carbon dioxide and usumanage the electricity load in times of peak electricity de- ally other air pollutants. Since CHP requires less fuel for a mand in order to improve market efficiency, increase reli- given energy output, it reduces the demand for key fuels ability, and relieve grid congestion.
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Since its production profile is nearly coincident with the summer peak demand, it Measures of Potential can contribute significantly to grid stability, reliability, and security. Thus, from a planning perspective PV should be When evaluating the potential for additional demand-side valued at a rate closer to the peak power rate than the aver- options to be deployed in future years, four types of estiage retail rate.9 The cost of PV-generated electricity is ex- mates are generally used.
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"New York State's Public Ben- are in operation or planned for implementation in the near efits Energy Efficiency Programs," presentation to the National Research future by the three major power providers in downstate New Council Committee on Alternatives to Indian Point for Meeting Energy York: Consolidated Edison (ConEd) , the New York Power Needs, Washington, D.C., June 1, p.
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· Annual savings are estimated at 330 GWh, with 326 MW of permanent demand reductions and 145 MW of The following measures are being emphasized in NY curtailable demand reduction. SERDA's incremental programs: · Annual emissions reductions are approximately 1,400 · Energy efficiency (goal of 68 MW)
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flectors, compact fluorescent lightbulbs, high-efficiency metal halides, occupancy sensors controls, daylight dimTargets for Additional Energy-Efficiency Improvements ming, LED exit signs; · Refrigeration -- high-efficiency vending machines, One study (NYSERDA, 2003) estimates the potential for vending misers, high-efficiency refrigerators, high-effienergy-efficiency improvements in New York State and pro ciency reach-in coolers, high-efficiency ice makers, walk-in vides details for Zones J (New York City)
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Energy Information Administration price forecasts to calculate cost-effective energy efficiency. 13This "lowest" estimate included adjustments for climate, forecast unSOURCE: Derived from NYSERDA (2003)
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Peak Load Reduction Program The program is estimated to have avoided approximately The Peak Load Reduction Program (PLRP) , created in 41 MW of peak demand in every year of the program.
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ready installed in the state; it assessed the "technical poten- Using a trajectory of market expansion for CHP similar tial" for additional CHP, that is, "the remaining market size to that for energy-efficiency and demand-response programs, constrained only by technological limits." Technical poten- the base case estimate of 535 MW in 2012 could be phased tial does not consider other factors such as capital availabil- in to the marketplace as estimated by the committee and preity, natural gas availability, and variations in consumption sented in Table 2-6. within customer application and size class.
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. Summary The estimated potential for demand-response programs Additional cost-effective demand-side investments in en- to reduce peak demand in the Indian Point service territory is ergy efficiency, demand response, and combined heat and based on the experience to date with three NYSERDA propower facilities can significantly offset peak demand, as pre- grams that avoided the need for 715 MW of peak demand in sented in Tables 2-4 though 2-6.
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major obstacle to energy efficiency in urban housing mar It should be noted that the discussion in this chapter has kets such as New York City. been relevant to the summer peak only.
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. Furthermore, insufficient and incorrect information can The complexity of the building market is accompanied by also be a major obstacle to energy efficiency.
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Effectiveness Assessment." Prepared for New York State Energy Re Even with unbundled generation, the obligation to serve the search and Development Authority.
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The Potential for Energy Efficiency." San Francisco: The Energy FounNYSERDA (New York State Energy Research and Development Author- dation. September 23.
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