Beyond Mapping Meeting National Needs Through Enhanced Geographic Information Science (2006) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Geographic Information Science Today and Tomorrow
1 Geographic Information Science Today and Tomorrow
Pages 7-26
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 7... ...
. The resulting study described the changing organizational and technological environment in which all forms of spatial data are being created and used, and the related strategic questions facing organizations and stakeholders in the spatial data community.
|
From page 8... ...
,9 with inner workings and transactions often transparent to users, and from the mass production of multipurpose maps with long update intervals (the USGS 1:24,000 topographic map series, for example, or NOAA's Nautical Charts, the Rand McNally Road Atlas, Reader's Digest Atlases, or the National Geographic Society's maps) to customized, user-specified, ondemand maps for individual users; · A broadening range of sensors and sensor locations, including those worn by people, animals, and robots, with improving capabilities for better spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution and with capacities for rapidly determining location using GPS; 2http://local.live.com (accessed 19 April 2006)
|
From page 9... ...
Geographic information science is key to the ways thousands of researchers do science in numerous disciplines. For the most part, however, the supply of well-trained and welleducated GIS/GIScience professionals in the United States has not kept pace with the demand for more and improved geographic information systems and for more robust geographic data (Mondello et al., 2004)
|
From page 10... ...
. acknowledged leader in the development of GIS hardware and software, but individual and collaborative efforts on the part of educational institutions and employers will be needed if the country is to derive maximum benefit from its past investments in geographic information systems and geographic information science.
|
From page 11... ...
. The largest GIS software vendor in the world estimated in 2000 that "the shortfall in producing individuals with an advanced level of GIS education was around 3,000 to 4,000 per year in the U.S.
|
From page 12... ...
. Whatever the size of the GIS/GIScience labor force, it is not large enough; those using GIS continue to report that they are unable to find adequate numbers of qualified employees and GIS developers and vendors consistently lament shortages of capable geographic information scientists (Phoenix, 2000)
|
From page 13... ...
The migration from paper to digital storage and representation of geographic data continues apace, as demand shifts from traditional maps and map vendors to map services that offer customized maps on demand for individual users. Simultaneously, lower entry costs have made it possible for many more organizations to engage in mapping in support of their operations or to produce products and services based on geographic information.
|
From page 14... ...
Geospatial One-Stop's primary objectives are to: · Develop and implement data standards for National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) framework data; · Maintain an operational inventory of NSDI data and publish the metadata records in the NSDI Clearinghouse Network; · Publish metadata for planned data acquisition and update activities; · Develop and deploy prototypes for enhanced data access and Web mapping services for geospatial data; and · Establish a comprehensive electronic portal as a logical extension to the NSDI Clearinghouse Network.
|
From page 15... ...
For government agencies, private entrepreneurs, and scholars, success relies on geospatial information being current, timely, accurate, cheap, easy to manipulate, and easy to retrieve. These are persistent desires, and they will continue to drive the further development of geographic information science in the future, just as they have in the past.
|
From page 16... ...
16 ol Web- Used scho the interactive in 2006]
|
From page 17... ...
17 Maps residence application the Google of mapping disclosure anonymous. interactive made public to been has relating Web-based a of listing laws part The example Doe Anystreet become This John 555 offenders.
|
From page 18... ...
18 a for is way traditional Earth new a Google coupled has provide to 2006]
|
From page 19... ...
While many organizations produce digital geospatial data, few have the resources to produce all the data they require. This means that organizations are spending increasing amounts of time searching for data and negotiating or coordinating with other organizations to help meet their needs.
|
From page 20... ...
The mission of CEGIS is to: · Provide leadership to identify, conduct, and collaborate on GIScience research issues of national importance; · Provide timely, efficient, and intelligent access to new and archived USGS geographic data needed to conduct science and support policy decisions; · Develop innovative methods of modeling and information synthesis, fusion, and visualization to improve our ability to explore geographic data and create new knowledge; · Develop credible and accessible geographic research, tools, and methods to support decision making related to the human and environmental consequences of land change; · Assess, influence, and recommend for implementation technological innovations for geospatial data and applications; and · Maintain world-class expertise, leadership, and a body of knowledge in support of the NSDI. CEGIS will consist of a cadre of government research scientists, largely located at the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center in Lakewood, Colorado.
|
From page 21... ...
· How can data mining algorithms be designed to handle geospatial data, spatial data access structures, and use of domain knowledge for improved query processing and mining? · Can a theoretical model be developed and verified that provides a basis for fusing geospatial datasets of different geometries, resolutions, and accuracies?
|
From page 22... ...
FGDC has developed and issued approximately 25 spatial data standards, including the metadata standard; established clearinghouses that provide access to spatial data using metadata standards; fostered hundreds of cooperative agreements that sponsor the development of framework data and the development and testing of spatial data access technology and interoperability; and disseminated numerous publications and educational materials describing the National Spatial Data Infrastruc ture (NSDI) and its various components.
|
From page 23... ...
This mainstream enterprise view of information systems has led to demands for experts who can integrate geospatial information with other information technologies. Many such firms have major recruitment problems.
|
From page 24... ...
While much of the effort of GIS software vendors over the past 25 years has focused on the development of tools to solve specific data capture and editing problems or to provide powerful analytical tools, demand is now growing for specialized Web-based applications. Firms specializing in Web-based GIS consistently report great difficulty in finding personnel who are expert in modern programming techniques, sophisticated database management, and geospatial information standards requirements (G.
|
From page 25... ...
in such applications as public administration, geology, or economics, or a techni cal specialization (engineering, computer science, statistics, etc.) with the intent of advancing existing practice with geospatial information sciences in that application or expanding the technological or theoretical base for geographic information science.
|
From page 26... ...
The CGA will enhance undergraduate and graduate curricula across the university and work with faculty in Harvard's Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Graduate School of Design, and the Harvard School of Public Health to develop and support appropriate courses, course modules, and laboratories (Graun, 2006)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.