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Instrumentation for a Better Tomorrow Proceedings of a Symposium in Honor of Arnold Beckman (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Compelling Science and Synchrotron X-ray Sources--Gabrielle G. Long
Pages 30-35

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From page 30...
... She is currently associate director at the Advanced Photon Source, one of the nation's most powerful light sources, which is utilized by thousands of biological and physical scientists each year. She is a fellow of the American Physical Society and has been a member of the Materials Research Society's Public Affairs Committee and the Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee.
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From page 31...
... From the discovery of x-rays in 1895 by Röntgen until the early 1970s, x-ray sources and x-ray instrumentation changed little. Laboratory x-ray generators accelerated electrons from tungsten filament cathodes toward copper or molybdenum (or other X-ray scattering from ferroelectric stripe domains in a thin film of lead titanate three unit metal)
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From page 32...
... Along with the creation of intense x-ray sources, the development of optimized optics and detection methods played an important role in enabling x-ray inelastic scattering experi ments. The back-scattering geometry and the development of spherically bent crystal analyz ers (Dorner et al., 1986)
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From page 33...
... Molten aluminum oxide is of interest for modeling Earth's mantle, for optimizing aluminum production, and for confining nuclear waste. Kinematic restrictions on neutron scattering make it impossible to reach acoustic modes in liquid oxides, and the hightemperature regime is inaccessible by light scattering because of black-body radiation.
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From page 34...
... Such an exci tation is important when the energy of the photon is very close to the difference between the nuclear ground state and a nuclear excited state. By using samples enriched with in x-ray nuclear isotopes that have large resonant cross sections and special timing techniques, one can perform nuclear resonant inelastic scattering to study lattice dynamics.
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From page 35...
... These developments have also enabled crystal structure determinations from micrometer-sized crystals and have revolutionized protein crystallography, opening the door to the high-throughput determination of protein structure. With the realization of fourth-generation x-ray sources, the peak brightness will be 10 orders of magnitude greater than current synchrotrons, the x-ray light will be coherent, and the pulses will be three orders of magnitude shorter.
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Key Terms

  • inelastic scattering
  • resonant inelastic
  • aluminum oxide
  • phonon density
  • photon source

  • nuclear resonance
  • advanced photon
  • parameter space
  • resonance raman
  • scattering experiments

  • kinetic theory
  • vibrational spectroscopy
  • electron excitations
  • lattice dynamics
  • probe nucleus

  • synchrotron radiation
  • iron compounds
  • neutron scattering
  • partial phonon
  • argonne national

  • resonant cross
  • nuclear ground
  • resonant vibrational
  • resonant isotope
  • nuclear excited

  • nuclear isotopes
  • nuclear waste
  • perform nuclear
  • resonant excitations
  • confining nuclear


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