Improving Business Statistics Through Interagency Data Sharing Summary of a Workshop (2006) / Chapter Skim
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7 The Importance of Data Sharing to Consistent Macroeconomic Statistics--Dennis Fixler and J. Steven Landefeld
7 The Importance of Data Sharing to Consistent Macroeconomic Statistics--Dennis Fixler and J. Steven Landefeld
Pages 91-132
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From page 91... ...
BEA produces the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) , a comprehensive and consistent doubleentry set of accounts for the economy.
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From page 92... ...
is mainly estimated using data collected by the Census Bureau, while gross domestic income (GDI) is mainly estimated using data collected by BLS, the Census Bureau, and the Statistics of Income (SOI, part of the Internal Revenue Service, IRS)
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From page 93... ...
One possible answer to the source of this discrepancy could lie in the recording of stock options, bonuses, and fringe benefits in employee compensation. While there are many sources of the difference between BLS and the Census Bureau payroll data, it is interesting that during the latter half of the 1990s, when stock options and bonuses were growing rapidly, the Census Bureau data rose at a 7.8 percent average annual rate, whereas the BLS data rose at a 7.5 percent average annual rate (1995-2000)
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From page 94... ...
Data sharing, however, does not just affect the ability of BEA to access Census Bureau data; the inability of BLS and the Census Bureau to share data greatly affects the quality of the data that BEA receives from both agencies. In this chapter we provide examples of how the absence of data sharing affects BEA estimates.
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From page 95... ...
In this case, BEA had identified many firms that were not in the Census Bureau sample. Below we provide some detailed illustrations of how the absence of data sharing affects BEA estimates.
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From page 96... ...
The Census Bureau also prepares payroll data as part of its Quinquennial Economic Census and Annual Survey programs. These Census data are considered to be less timely than BLS data, but in some areas, such as educational services, membership organizations, and nonprofits, they are considered to be more complete than the QCEW data.
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From page 97... ...
In contrast, Census payroll estimate for management of companies and enterprises is about 63 percent -- or over $70 billion -- higher than the BLS estimate.4 Because employment and wage data are used in several places in the national accounts, we will now show how BEA estimates would be different if the Census data were used instead of the currently used BLS data for manufacturing and a few other industries in the computation of valueadded. Although the current-dollar growth rate could change by as much as 2.0 percentage points (e.g., computers and electronic products)
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From page 98... ...
17,685,000 113, 114, 115 Forestry, fishing, and related activities 14,130,000 21 Mining 30,788,000 211 Oil and gas extraction 11,455,000 212 Mining, except oil and gas 10,470,000 213 Support activities for mining 8,863,000 22 Utilities 40,094,000 23 Construction 272,418,000 31, 32, 33 Manufacturing 675,523,000 33, 321, 327 Durable goods 441,182,000 321 Wood product manufacturing 17,585,000 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 20,674,000 331 Primary metal manufacturing 23,209,000 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 59,742,000 333 Machinery manufacturing 57,050,000 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 98,359,000 335 Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing 20,630,000 3361, 3362, 3363 Motor vehicle, body, trailer, and parts manufacturing 58,705,000 3364, 3365, 3366, 3369 Other transportation equipment manufacturing 38,954,000 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing 18,232,000 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 28,042,000 31, 32 (excluding Nondurable goods 234,341,000 321 and 327) 311 ,312 Food product manufacturing 60,356,000 313, 314 Textile and textile product mills 14,525,000 315,316 Apparel manufacturing 10,751,000 322 Paper manufacturing 25,611,000 323 Printing and related support activities 27,061,000 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 7,632,000 325 Chemical manufacturing 57,293,000 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 31,112,000 42 Wholesale trade 280,745,000 44, 45 Retail trade 360,341,000 48, 49 Transportation and warehousing, 162,206,000 excluding postal service 481 Air transportation 30,550,000 482 Rail transportation 11,824,000 483 Water transportation 2,888,000 484 Truck transportation 47,917,000
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From page 99... ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SHARING 99 Percent Differenced BLS and BLS Census BEA and BLS and Census Wagesb Payrollc Census Census Differencee -- -3,923,090,541 -- - 24,146,183 -- - 15,862,753 -- - 8,283,429 -- - 30,557,227 -- - 11,269,829 5,564,811 51.4 50.6 5,705,018 10,321,353 8,987,397 14.2 12.9 1,333,956 8,966,044 6,707,242 24.3 25.2 2,258,802 39,895,551 43,493,804 8.5 9.0 3,598,253 260,841,814 254,000,182 6.8 2.6 670,676,772 573,401,510 15.1 14.5 97,275,262 437,547,486 370,407,941 16.0 15.3 67,139,545 16,952,331 15,909,908 9.5 6.1 1,042,423 20,543,618 17,933,376 13.3 12.7 2,610,242 23,246,080 21,508,667 7.3 7.5 1,737,413 59,352,280 57,361,374 4.0 3.4 1,990,906 56,689,509 49,470,768 13.3 12.7 7,218,741 98,045,569 64,314,150 34.6 34.4 33,731,419 20,479,516 17,957,015 13.0 12.3 2,522,501 58,579,129 50,331,680 14.3 14.1 8,247,449 38,446,534 31,231,174 19.8 18.8 7,215,360 18,107,133 17,364,837 4.8 4.1 742,296 27,105,787 27,024,992 3.6 0.3 80,795 233,129,286 202,993,569 13.4 12.9 30,135,717 59,649,421 52,334,562 13.3 12.3 7,314,859 14,501,506 12,333,814 15.1 14.9 2,167,692 10,360,588 8,567,969 20.3 17.3 1,792,619 25,744,232 21,336,257 16.7 17.1 4,407,975 26,457,610 25,738,613 4.9 2.7 718,997 7,891,082 6,202,508 18.7 21.4 1,688,574 57,322,150 44,032,801 23.1 23.2 13,289,349 31,202,697 32,447,045 4.3 4.0 1,244,348 276,607,852 249,986,560 11.0 9.6 26,621,292 348,909,029 296,215,722 17.8 15.1 52,693,307 146,810,674 -- -- 146,810,674 30,180,386 -- -- 30,180,386 10,869 -- -- 10,869 2,793,556 3,031,880 5.0 8.5 238,324 46,824,531 47,833,730 0.2 2.2 1,009,199 Continued
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From page 100... ...
100 IMPROVING BUSINESS STATISTICS THROUGH INTERAGENCY DATA SHARING TABLE 7-2 Continued 1997 NAICS Codes Industry Name BEA Wagesa 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 8,996,000 486 Pipeline transportation 3,272,000 487, 488, 492 Other transportation and support activities 39,802,000 493 Warehousing and storage 16,957,000 51 Information 189,736,000 511 Publishing including software 58,394,000 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries 18,258,000 513 Broadcasting and telecommunications 84,838,000 514 Information and data processing services 28,246,000 52 Finance and insurance 370,088,000 521, 522 Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation 132,010,000 and related services 523 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 112,344,000 524 Insurance carriers and related activities 119,830,000 525 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 5,904,000 53 Real estate, rental, and leasing 71,785,000 531 Real estate 51,015,000 532,533 Rental and leasing services and lessors 20,770,000 of intangible assets 54 Professional and technical services 415,422,000 5411 Legal services 80,297,000 5415 Computer systems design and related services 84,251,000 5412-5414, 5416-5419 Other professional, scientific and technical services 250,874,000 55 Management of companies and enterprises 117,147,000 56 Administrative and waste services 193,525,000 561 Administrative and support services 180,230,000 562 Waste management and remediation services 13,295,000 61 Educational services 74,446,000 62 Health care and social assistance 472,214,000 621 Ambulatory health care services 209,724,000 622, 623 Hospitals and nursing and residential care facilities 217,119,000 624 Social assistance 45,371,000 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 51,526,000 711, 712 Performing arts, museums, and related activities 24,724,000 713 Amusements, gambling, and recreation 26,802,000 72 Accommodation and food services 153,922,000 721 Accommodation 40,764,000 722 Food services and drinking places 113,158,000
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From page 101... ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SHARING 101 Percent Differenced BLS and BLS Census BEA and BLS and Census Wagesb Payrollc Census Census Differencee 7,787,298 7,575,497 15.8 2.7 211,801 3,277,932 3,082,558 5.8 6.0 195,374 39,101,445 34,489,516 13.3 11.8 4,611,929 16,834,658 18,689,122 10.2 11.0 1,854,464 188,758,526 -- -- 188,758,526 58,307,089 64,712,028 10.8 11.0 6,404,939 17,879,785 12,516,040 31.4 30.0 5,363,745 84,664,461 88,624,463 4.5 4.7 3,960,002 27,907,191 27,686,444 2.0 0.8 220,747 356,371,058 -- -- 356,371,058 131,188,066 124,076,870 6.0 5.4 7,111,196 108,325,327 101,285,387 9.8 6.5 7,039,940 110,965,984 120,683,183 0.7 8.8 9,717,199 5,891,681 -- -- 5,891,681 68,801,129 -- -- 68,801,129 48,110,832 41,911,444 17.8 12.9 6,199,388 20,690,296 18,706,319 9.9 9.6 1,983,977 390,450,138 -- -- 390,450,138 69,875,728 69,939,404 12.9 0.1 63,676 83,897,952 72,168,495 14.3 14.0 11,729,457 236,676,458 -- -- 236,676,458 117,462,176 190,807,531 62.9 62.4 73,345,355 191,825,310 -- -- 191,825,310 178,563,429 195,425,035 8.4 9.4 16,861,606 13,261,881 12,178,484 8.4 8.2 1,083,397 64,700,545 -- -- 64,700,545 456,030,369 -- -- 456,030,369 204,320,753 203,716,200 2.9 0.3 604,553 215,390,850 212,480,514 2.1 1.4 2,910,336 36,318,766 36,090,970 20.5 0.6 227,796 47,050,671 -- -- 47,050,671 24,652,961 24,057,801 2.7 2.4 595,160 22,397,710 21,069,716 21.4 5.9 1,327,994 142,208,429 -- -- 142,208,429 36,805,629 34,874,261 14.4 5.2 1,931,368 105,402,801 92,632,794 18.1 12.1 12,770,007 Continued
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From page 102... ...
industry estimates are controlled to the national income and product accounts for compensation of employees and "taxes on production and imports less subsidies," and initial estimates of gross operating surplus are extrapolated from the most recent set of "balanced" gross operating surplus estimates.5 Second, these three-digit NAICS industry controls are distributed to greater industry detail in the annual input-output tables through a two-step process. Detailed industry levels are extrapolated using QCEW data for compensation, and "taxes less subsidies" and gross operating surplus are extrapolated using detailed gross output estimates.
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From page 103... ...
For this exercise, three-digit NAICS industry estimates for value-added were allowed to increase (decrease) by the difference in wage data between BLS and the Census Bureau, and new levels of nominal intermediate inputs were computed as the difference between published gross output by industry and the simulated value-added by industry.
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From page 104... ...
2004 by the software) ; of increase to part Growth as (includes manufacturing allowed manufacturing manufacturing parts manufacturing were published industries manufacturing manufacturing and activities manufacturing manufacturing mills data manufacturing product appliance added Value-Added on product and trailer, equipment product a support products products publishing product value product based manufacturing manufacturing electronic body, related manufacturing coal manufacturing for mineral related 2002 industries metal manufacturing and textile rubber and metal equipment and manufacturing goods manufacturing and products; product vehicle, transportation and and goods product manufacturing estimates simulated Current-Dollar services.
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From page 105... ...
; this added by for For manufacturing Census value manufacturing (includes manufacturing parts manufacturing added the Growth manufacturing manufacturing and activities manufacturing manufacturing examined. and mills value simulated manufacturing product appliance was BLS industries the product and trailer, equipment product a real support products products product and product added manufacturing manufacturing electronic body, related manufacturing coal between manufacturing mineral related manufacturing rubber industries preparing publishing metal and textile and goods and value Value-Added metal equipment manufacturing data manufacturing and and for industry goods product vehicle, transportation and accounts.
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From page 106... ...
Thus, compensation of employees as a percentage of current-dollar value-added for the oil and gas extraction industry would fall from approximately 19 to 13 percent, and gross operating surplus would rise from approximately 66 to 72 percent, thereby increasing the cost of capital.7 In the annual industry accounts, value-added unit costs are computed by dividing current-dollar value-added and its components by real (chained-dollar) value-added.
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From page 107... ...
level of BLS wages is lower by only 0.6 percent, or $25.1 billion, New York's BLS data is lower than the Census data by 2.0 percent, or $6.7 billion, and the combination of Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York is lower than the Census by $13.0 billion. The differences between the two programs have implications for 8Gross operating surplus in the annual industry accounts reflects a measure of capital inputs and net profits.
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From page 108... ...
108 IMPROVING BUSINESS STATISTICS THROUGH INTERAGENCY DATA SHARING TABLE 7-5 Employment Data and Ratios from the BEA, Census, and BLS, 2002 BEA Gross Output 2002 (billions of NAICS Code Industry Name dollars) a 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 270.6 111-112 Farms 220.4 113-115 Forestry, fishing, and related activities 50.1 21 Mining 179.1 211 Oil and gas extraction 103.7 212 Mining, except oil and gas 48.0 213 Support activities for mining 27.4 22 Utilities 314.7 23 Construction 909.2 31-33 Manufacturing 3,839.2 321, 327, 331-335, 33613366, 3369, 337, 339 Durable goods 2,080.5 321 Wood products 87.5 327 Nonmetallic mineral products 93.0 331 Primary metals 138.2 332 Fabricated metal products 243.4 333 Machinery 241.2 334 Computer and electronic products 353.2 335 Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 100.5 3361-3363 Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 463.6 3364-3366, 3369 Other transportation equipment 162.8 337 Furniture and related products 74.2 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 122.7 311-316, 322-326 Nondurable goods 1,758.7 311-312 Food and beverage and tobacco products 562.3 313-314 Textile mills and textile product mills 75.2 315-316 Apparel and leather and allied products 47.7 322 Paper products 151.8 323 Printing and related support activities 94.7 324 Petroleum and coal products 212.4 325 Chemical products 444.8 326 Plastics and rubber products 169.8 42 Wholesale trade 866.6 44-45 Retail trade 1,046.0 48-49 Transportation and warehousing 603.6 481 Air transportation 98.1 482 Rail transportation 45.5 483 Water transportation 23.7 484 Truck transportation 202.3 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 31.6 486 Pipeline transportation 28.0 487-488, 492 Other transportation and support activities 129.9 493 Warehousing and storage 44.5
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From page 109... ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SHARING 109 NIPA Census BLS NIPA Census BLS Employmentb Employmentc Employmentd Ratio Ratio Ratio Thousands of Employees Output per Employee in Dollars 1,564 N/A N/A 173,018 N/A N/A 870 N/A N/A 253,333 N/A N/A 694 N/A N/A 72,190 N/A N/A 511 485 507 350,489 369,548 353,411 124 105 121 836,290 991,595 853,547 213 197 210 225,352 243,214 228,932 175 183 176 156,571 149,964 156,025 594 663 591 529,798 474,629 532,493 6,978 7,374 6,694 130,295 123,306 135,822 15,349 14,693 15,218 250,127 261,299 252,280 9,528 9,052 9,454 218,356 229,830 220,064 574 540 554 152,439 162,102 157,953 520 484 517 178,846 192,311 179,816 506 495 506 273,123 279,422 273,160 1,552 1,573 1,545 156,830 154,736 157,569 1,229 1,164 1,221 196,257 207,158 197,561 1,500 1,261 1,497 235,467 280,024 235,913 498 492 496 201,807 204,486 202,626 1,153 1,088 1,152 402,082 425,957 402,594 679 608 678 239,764 267,911 240,188 607 596 604 122,241 124,467 122,948 708 752 685 173,305 163,151 179,020 5,822 5,640 5,764 302,078 311,803 305,123 1,760 1,666 1,743 319,489 337,432 322,570 487 449 484 154,415 167,639 155,416 419 387 404 113,843 123,156 118,037 542 488 541 280,074 311,126 280,597 724 719 706 130,801 131,795 134,088 117 103 118 1,815,385 2,062,617 1,798,598 928 846 923 479,310 525,512 481,711 845 982 844 200,947 172,862 201,176 5,711 5,865 5,617 151,742 147,749 154,283 15,500 14,648 15,012 67,484 71,411 69,677 4,265 N/A 3,989 141,524 N/A 151,329 562 N/A 561 174,555 N/A 174,796 194 N/A N/A 234,536 N/A N/A 54 66 53 438,889 358,260 445,757 1,367 1,435 1,337 147,988 140,955 151,294 403 398 372 78,412 79,321 84,946 42 37 42 666,667 761,076 660,673 1,127 1,050 1,108 115,262 123,756 117,229 516 566 514 86,240 78,687 86,524 Continued
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From page 110... ...
251.3 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries 81.6 515-517 Broadcasting and telecommunications 525.6 518-519 Information and data processing services 98.2 52-53e Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing 3,358.0 54-56 Professional and business services 1,838.4 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services 1,052.1 5411 Legal services 215.7 5415 Computer systems design and related services 171.5 5412-5414, 5416-5419 Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and 664.9 technical services 55 Management of companies and enterprises 297.8 56 Administrative and waste management services 488.5 561 Administrative and support services 435.0 562 Waste management and remediation services 53.5 61-62 Educational services, health care, and 1,310.8 social assistance 61 Educational services 152.9 62 Health care and social assistance 1,157.9 621 Ambulatory health care services 526.8 622-623 Hospitals and nursing and residential care facilities 523.4 624 Social assistance 107.7 71-72 Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, 709.3 and food services 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 175.7 711-712 Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, 82.3 and related activities 713 Amusements, gambling, and recreation industries 93.4 72 Accommodation and food services 533.6 721 Accommodation 143.7 722 Food services and drinking places 389.9 81 Other services, except government 452.7 aGross output data were obtained from the BEa web site at the following address: http: //www.bea.gov/bea/dn2/i-o_benchmark_2002.htm (October 7, 2005)
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From page 111... ...
The gross output for finance, insurance, and real estate includes the imputation for owner-occupied dwellings which causes higher output to employment ratios. fThe Census Bureau data for hospitals for 2002 include government and nongovernment hospitals.
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From page 112... ...
Private Wage Comparison (billions of dollars, unless otherwise noted) Yr-Yr % Chg CBP Annual Payrolla 2001- 2002 2001 2002 2003 2002 2003 Alabama 45.2 45.5 47.1 0.7 3.5 Alaska 8.3 8.4 8.7 1.2 3.0 Arizona 60.0 61.1 64.4 1.8 5.3 Arkansas 25.8 25.9 27.0 0.5 4.3 California 521.8 510.8 520.6 2.1 1.9 Colorado 71.5 67.8 67.9 5.2 0.2 Connecticut 68.9 68.5 69.7 0.6 1.8 Delaware 15.0 14.7 15.1 2.0 2.5 D.C.
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From page 113... ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SHARING 113 QCEW Private Wagesb Yr-Yr % Chg 2001 2002 2003 2002 2003 44.9 45.6 46.8 1.6 2.8 7.3 7.6 7.9 3.8 3.3 62.7 63.1 65.8 0.6 4.3 25.5 25.9 26.5 1.9 2.2 518.6 508.2 521.1 2.0 2.5 71.6 68.9 69.1 3.7 0.3 68.3 66.8 68.0 2.2 1.9 13.7 13.7 14.2 0.5 3.5 22.1 22.7 23.6 2.9 4.0 191.0 195.7 204.5 2.4 4.5 116.3 114.8 116.4 1.2 1.3 13.3 13.8 14.5 3.4 5.5 12.8 12.9 13.2 0.9 2.4 199.2 196.8 198.3 1.2 0.8 78.9 79.6 81.1 0.9 1.8 34.1 34.6 35.6 1.4 2.9 33.0 33.1 33.3 0.2 0.9 43.3 43.8 45.1 1.1 2.8 44.2 44.7 45.7 1.1 2.3 14.1 14.4 14.9 2.2 3.3 73.4 74.9 77.7 2.1 3.7 130.4 126.4 127.6 3.0 0.9 144.0 143.0 145.3 0.7 1.6 82.4 83.1 85.4 0.8 2.8 22.6 23.0 23.5 1.7 1.9 73.2 73.7 74.7 0.7 1.4 7.4 7.7 8.1 4.1 4.7 20.6 21.0 21.7 2.0 3.1 29.7 30.3 32.6 2.2 7.5 19.1 19.1 19.6 0.0 2.8 146.0 147.0 150.0 0.7 2.0 15.6 15.9 16.5 2.5 3.6 334.6 322.1 325.9 3.7 1.2 101.9 101.8 103.1 0.1 1.2 6.3 6.5 6.8 2.8 4.9 154.1 154.2 156.6 0.1 1.5 32.3 32.2 32.8 0.3 1.7 44.0 43.7 44.5 0.8 1.9 167.5 169.0 173.4 0.9 2.6 13.0 13.4 14.2 3.0 5.9 42.5 42.9 44.0 0.8 2.5 7.5 7.6 7.9 2.4 3.5 70.5 71.7 73.9 1.7 2.9 286.6 281.7 284.1 1.7 0.8 25.9 25.7 26.2 0.6 1.6 Continued
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From page 114... ...
The BLS data also exclude college students (and their spouses) who are employed by the school in which they are enrolled and student nurses and interns who are employed by hospitals as part of their training.
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From page 115... ...
Fixed decimals. State and Local Inc Tax Effective State and Local Tax BLS to as % of Total Wages Census Bureau Difference (millions of dollars)
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From page 116... ...
QCEW (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages) from flat file downloaded from BLS web site on 9/28/05.
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From page 117... ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SHARING 117 State and Local Inc Tax Effective State and Local Tax BLS to as % of Total Wages Census Bureau Difference (millions of dollars)
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From page 118... ...
Regional and Industry Influences Combined: County Business Patterns by Industry Compared with BLS QCEW Data BEA uses BLS QCEW data in its initial estimates of wages, since it is the most comprehensive and earliest available data. This choice is made because the CBP data become available later.
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From page 119... ...
As shown in Table 7-9, BLS identified 3 percent more establishments for all industries than the Census Bureau, and the corresponding BLS employment level is 4 percent less than the corresponding Census 9All of the QCEW data in Table 7-7 are based on the private sector in order to better match the survey population of the CBP. In addition, it should be noted that the 2001 growth rates are based on 2000 levels that are backcasted for QCEW; that is, all QCEW data prior to 2001 are backcasted for NAICS.
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From page 120... ...
support 21 Mining 21.9 29.5 7.5 34.3 22 Utilities 38.1 34.5 3.6 9.4 23 Construction 198.5 202.9 4.4 2.2 31 Manufacturing 607.3 678.9 71.6 11.8 42 Wholesale trade 233.9 238.5 4.6 2.0 44 Retail trade 260.3 294.3 34.0 13.1 48 Transportation and warehousing 108.6 128.7 20.2 18.6 51 Information 146.8 160.1 13.2 9.0 52 Finance and insurance 290.0 279.2 10.8 3.7 53 Real estate, rental, and leasing 49.9 55.8 5.9 11.9 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services 277.6 309.1 31.4 11.3 55 Management of companies and enterprises 175.6 105.4 70.3 40.0 56 Admin, support, waste management, 163.7 152.2 11.5 7.0 remediation services 61 Educational services 52.3 47.7 4.6 8.8 62 Health care and social assistance 395.5 358.3 37.2 9.4 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 36.0 37.9 1.8 5.1 72 Accommodation and food services 109.6 117.6 8.0 7.3 81 Other services (except public administration) 96.0 82.3 13.7 14.2 Mean (excluding Total and 11)
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From page 121... ...
The BEA/Census Bureau/NSF R&D link project was a study to determine whether an integrated data set on U.S. R&D performance and funding could be created by linking the Census Bureau data on the R&D activity of all U.S.
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From page 122... ...
support 4.7 23.2 18.5 395.7 21 Mining 22.1 29.7 7.6 34.3 22 Utilities 40.7 37.9 2.7 6.7 23 Construction 239.9 245.8 5.9 2.4 31 Manufacturing 644.0 743.8 99.8 15.5 42 Wholesale trade 270.1 276.8 6.7 2.5 44 Retail trade 302.6 335.8 33.2 11.0 48 Transportation and warehousing 125.6 147.2 21.6 17.2 51 Information 209.4 212.3 2.9 1.4 52 Finance and insurance 346.8 333.8 13.0 3.7 53 Real estate, rental, and leasing 59.2 64.4 5.2 8.8 54 Professional, scientific, andtechnical services 362.0 395.4 33.4 9.2 55 Management of companies and enterprises 211.4 124.0 87.4 41.4 56 Admin, support, waste management, remediation services 210.3 185.4 24.9 11.8 61 Educational services 61.9 55.6 6.4 10.3 62 Health care and social assistance 431.4 394.7 36.8 8.5 71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 43.2 45.1 1.9 4.4 72 Accommodation and food services 125.6 134.2 8.6 6.9 81 Other services (except public administration) 109.9 92.7 17.2 15.6 Mean (excluding Total and 11)
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From page 123... ...
The substantially lower number for nonmanufacturing may result from the fact that R&D expenditures for nonmanufacturing firms are relatively more difficult to define and identify; so this area is more likely to be affected by differences in treatment. The study also demonstrated some of the main benefits of data sharing -- in the improvement of sample frames and the quality of reported data.
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From page 124... ...
support 3.4 3.8 0.4 0.4 21 Mining 4.4 4.7 0.3 0.3 22 Utilities 3.3 2.8 0.5 0.5 23 Construction 10.4 10.5 0.1 0.1 31 Manufacturing 3.0 3.5 0.5 0.5 42 Wholesale trade 6.9 7.2 0.3 0.3 44 Retail trade 8.3 6.8 1.5 1.5 48 Transportation and warehousing 7.5 6.9 0.5 0.5 51 Information 16.0 16.3 0.4 0.4 52 Finance and insurance 8.0 8.5 0.5 0.5 53 Real estate, rental, and leasing 8.4 6.5 2.0 2.0 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services 12.1 17.3 5.2 5.2 55 Management of companies and enterprises 9.5 7.5 2.0 2.0 56 Admin, support, waste management, remediation services 11.9 9.8 2.0 2.0 61 Educational services 8.8 7.4 1.4 1.4 62 Health care and social assistance 3.5 3.9 0.4 0.4 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 9.4 8.2 1.1 1.1 72 Accommodation and food services 6.7 6.9 0.2 0.2 81 Other services (except public administration) 6.2 5.5 0.7 0.7 Minimum 2.0 0.1 Mean 0.2 1.0 Maximum 5.2 5.2 and Development.
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From page 125... ...
If armed with full data-sharing capability, BEA, BLS, and the Census Bureau could explore and resolve differences in the activities of major companies or in their classification to various industries and regions. The agencies could also compare data to investigate and resolve persistent differences, such as the reporting of bonuses and stock options, the capitalization of computer investment, the impact of differences in timing, and the differences in company practices with respect to the writing-down of inventories or to the treatment of pensions and other fringe benefits.
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From page 126... ...
support 2.3 1.8 0.5 0.5 21 Mining 13.2 7.7 5.6 5.6 22 Utilities 3.2 3.7 0.5 0.5 23 Construction 3.0 5.9 2.8 2.8 31 Manufacturing 4.1 5.3 1.3 1.3 42 Wholesale trade 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 44 Retail trade 4.0 2.5 1.6 1.6 48 Transportation and warehousing 3.1 1.8 1.3 1.3 -51 Information 1.1 3.1 2.0 2.0 52 Finance and insurance 7.7 7.7 0.1 0.1 53 Real estate, rental, and leasing 8.1 3.9 4.2 4.2 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services 3.4 2.1 1.3 1.3 55 Management of companies and enterprises 0.8 4.5 5.4 5.4 56 Admin, support, waste management, remediation services 5.3 2.0 3.3 3.3 61 Educational services 8.4 8.7 0.4 0.4 62 Health care and social assistance 7.9 7.8 0.1 0.1 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 6.8 0.3 6.5 6.5 72 Accommodation and food services 2.4 2.9 0.5 0.5 81 Other services (except public administration) 4.9 5.3 0.5 0.5 Minimum 6.5 0.1 Mean 1.5 2.0 Maximum 2.8 6.5 NOTE: BLS QCEW data prior to 2001 have been backcasted to NAICS 2002 using NAICS reports from employers in the first quarter of 2001.
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From page 127... ...
For example, one source of the difference could be differences in the recording of stock options. By knowing the companies in the state, it would be possible to check with firm reports about reported stock options and thereby reconcile any difference.
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From page 128... ...
of railroad Foreign the of b of data: estate October exclude utilities consists real production data Bureau forestry, 1992," public and meaningful. Bureau: Comparison and not Bureau Census Quarter services, a = agricultural 7-9 trade Census The insurance, fishing n.m.
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From page 129... ...
929 n.a. Nonmetallic mineral products 990 339 34 Primary metals 485 484 100 Fabricated metal products 1,599 554 35 Machinery 6,404 8,561 134 Computer and electronic products 47,079 38,356 81 Computers and peripheral (D)
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From page 130... ...
Publicly available sales data from company reports could aid in the estimation of missing shipment data from a company that did not provide
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From page 131... ...
How Data Sharing Would Help Cope with Disasters The massive destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina is having a significant impact on the ability of the statistical agencies to collect economic data in the affected regions. As a result of the disappearance of sample units, estimates of retail trade, construction, employment and wages, and other components of the principal economic indicators will contain many imputations.
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From page 132... ...
Medeiros, and G.M. Smith 2005 Annual industry accounts: Introducing KLEMS input estimates for 1997-2003.
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Key Terms
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information on Chapter Skim is available.