Scientific Opportunities with a Rare-Isotope Facility in the United States (2007) / Chapter Skim
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4 Assessing the U.S. Position
4 Assessing the U.S. Position
Pages 84-104
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From page 84... ...
The driver would have delivered primary beam powers up to 400 kW for the production of unparalleled yields of rare isotopes from both ISOL targets and fragmentation targets. Other major 1DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee, ISOL Task Force Report, Washington, D.C.: U.S.
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From page 85... ...
S . P O S I T I O N THE 85 components of the proposed facility included isotope separators for isotopic separation of in-flight fragmentation-produced exotic beams, a gas catcher/ ion guide for preparing these in-flight beams for subsequent injection into an accelerator, and a postaccelerator facility for varying the energy of these rare isotopes.
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From page 86... ...
Courtesy of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. spoke, and elliptical cell resonating structures.
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From page 87... ...
. Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory, managed and operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S.
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From page 88... ...
It is to be used to strip electrons from 10 MeV/A heavy-ion beams and should be able to handle the power deposition. Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory, managed and operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S.
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From page 89... ...
The secondary target has much less deposited power and can be 2Unpublished; private communication to the committee from Jerry Nolen, Argonne National Laboratory, February 11, 2006.
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From page 90... ...
Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory, managed and operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
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From page 91... ...
The direct DOE programmatic funding of RIA/FRIB R&D has been leveraged with significant contributions via discretionary programs at several of these institutions. 3Primarily Argonne National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Texas A&M University.
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From page 92... ...
• High-power production targets -- The liquid-lithium target concept for ura nium beams has been demonstrated at equivalent power using an electron beam. Detailed production rates and thermal simulations have been com pleted for a high-power two-step ISOL target.
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From page 93... ...
S . P O S I T I O N THE 93 Argonne National Laboratory and Michigan State University (MSU)
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From page 94... ...
capabilities in the global effort: instead of arriving early on the science scene with a new facility, the United States might arrive last with a FRIB, although the facility could have unique capabilities compared to other facilities available at that time. Clearly, the major national user facilities in the United States (the National Superconducting Cyclotron Labora tory at MSU and the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
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From page 95... ...
They may not be able to compete in the short term, but they have recognized the relevance and are working to invest a substantial fraction of their resources into the development of their own facilities. NOTE: ISOLDE -- On-Line Isotope Mass Separator; ISAC -- Isotope Separator and Accelerator; SPIRAL -- Système de Production d'Ions Radioactifs en Ligne; SIS -- Heavy Ion Synchrotron; FAIR -- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research; RARF -- RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility; RIBF -- Rare-Isotope Beam Factory; NSCL -- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory; HRIBF -- Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility; CARIBU -- Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade; ATLAS -- Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System; FRIB -- Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams; ISOL -- Isotope Separator On-Line.
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From page 96... ...
NOTE: FRIB -- Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams; HRIBF -- Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility; NSCL -- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory; ISOLDE -- On-Line Isotope Mass Separator; GANIL -- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds; GSI -- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung; TRIUMF -- Tri-University Meson Facility. beam facilities for a broad program of research in fundamental nuclear physics and astrophysics, as well as applications of nuclear science.
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From page 97... ...
nuclear science community undertakes the next cycle of its long-range planning process through NSAC, it will have to address these issues carefully. The original RIA design was intended to be a world-leading facility in nearly every regard.
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From page 98... ...
8Indeed, a 1998 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee estimate of the full rare-isotope beam community suggested the following breakdown: about 700 in North and South America, 500 in the European Union, 600 in Central and Eastern Europe, 700 in Japan, China, and India, and several hundred from other parts of the world.
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From page 99... ...
Multiple Coulomb excitation requires beams of ~103 to 104 ions per second in inverse kinematics and is better suited to a reaccelerated beam. This kind of experimental data is an excellent way to deeply map out nuclear structure along long iso-chains.
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From page 100... ...
Measurements in nuclear astrophysics at a FRIB would mostly be associated with explosive stellar processes at timescales less than or comparable to typical beta-decay lifetimes. At these conditions, reaction sequences are far off stability and depend critically on the timescales of the associated nuclear processes.
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From page 101... ...
However, the actual incorporation of FRIB science results into these endeavors depends on so many external factors that it is impossible to predict the outcomes. PROGRAMMATIC CONSIDERATIONS The Context of the Nuclear Physics Portfolio The scientific agenda of nuclear science in the United States contains a diversified portfolio with a triad of research frontiers: (1)
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From page 102... ...
Otherwise, the cost of operating world-class facilities could put additional pressure on the al ready-tight research budget in nuclear physics, which creates and develops the needed young researchers. Education, Training, and Workforce in Nuclear Science An NSAC subcommittee on education recently issued a comprehensive report entitled Education in Nuclear Science, after a 2-year study that included extensive surveys among undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and recent Ph.D.'s 5 to 10 years after receiving their doctorates.
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From page 103... ...
S . P O S I T I O N THE 103 that the nuclear science community work to increase the number of new Ph.D.'s in nuclear science by approximately 20% over the next five to ten years."11 This recommendation was based on an analysis of the current demographics of the field and a projection of future demand using expected retirements and growth in university and laboratory staff with expertise in nuclear physics.
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From page 104... ...
In a final note, the committee considered the broader impact of a U.S. FRIB in light of the national attention on economic competitiveness, recently highlighted in a report by the National Academies -- Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energiz ing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future.14 The report argued that strong public support of basic research can help fuel the national economic engine; one of the suggested pathways was through technological developments that occur as part of the progress of science and engineering.
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