Biographical Memoirs Volume 88 (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Frederick C. Robbins
Frederick C. Robbins
Pages 322-337
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Medicine. of School University Western Case Schad, Don by Photo
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Fred Robbins's talent and leadership were demonstrable all through the subsequent 50 years as a physician, investigator, educator, and a statesman of science. The seminal observation for which Enders, Weller, and Robbins were awarded the Nobel Prize stems from their discovery of how to grow poliomyelitis virus in human cell cultures.
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The Robbins family did not think that schooling in Paris was desirable for the boys; so his mother admitted him to a public school in Switzerland. The following year Fred was enrolled in a boarding school, Institut Sellig, located on the shores of Lake Geneva.
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Fred was expected to enter ninth grade, but the principal placed him in the eleventh grade because of all the courses he took in Switzerland. Upon graduation from high school Fred Robbins enrolled in the Arts and Science College of the University of Missouri in 1932.
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It reflected his commitment to meticulous science, the value of sharp clinical observations and mechanistic rather than descriptive exploration of scientific phenomena. It also allowed him to focus on infectious diseases within the total conceptual framework of public health and its imperatives.
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Supernatant of polio-inoculated intestinal tissue cultures induced paralysis equally in mice. Enders's laboratory shifted its major focus thereafter to poliomyelitis.
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Robbins stayed in Enders's laboratory for a few more years. He continued working on tissue culture methodology to isolate polio and nonpolio enteroviruses from clinical materials.
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The festivities in Stockholm, however, were rewarding to everybody. THE FIRST CLEVELAND PERIOD: PROFESSOR THEN DEAN Cleveland medical institutions recruited Fred Robbins and his colleague Bill Wallace in 1952.
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It is interesting to note that this arrangement has remained a cause of friction for the different Cleveland medical institutions to this day. City Hospital at the time Fred joined its faculty was a major academic institution in Cleveland, with such distinguished academic figures as Charles Rammelkamp, Edward Mortimer, Fiorindo Simeone, and many others.
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He chaired the Pan American Health Organization commission that was overseeing polio eradication in the continent. He was a happy person when the commission certified that polio had been eradicated in the Americas.
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His vision, which he never shared with me openly, must have been to stay away from clinical departments that were involved in all sorts of competition among the multiple Cleveland medical institutions. The "neutral" base he chose in epidemiology marked the beginning of another most productive and influential phase in his career.
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Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, National Institutes of Health, Pan American Health Organization, Food and Drug Administration, NASA, and the World Health Organization. Fred Robbins was honored by many national and international organizations, including the First Mead Johnson Award; Kimble Methodology Research Award; Abraham Flexner Award of the Association of American Medical Colleges; NASA Public Service Award; and the Benjamin Franklin Medal of the American Philosophical Society.
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His return to Case Western Reserve reflected the deep bond he had with that institution and its faculty and students. He instantly became the celebrated statesman he always was, but with a broad vision and remarkable appreciation of the new challenges facing academic medicine.
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II. The propagation of the poliomyelitis viruses in roller-tube cultures of various human tis sues.
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The relation ship of maternal antibody, breast feeding and age to the suscep tibility of newborn infants to infection with attenuated poliovi ruses. Pediatrics 34:4-13.
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. Presidential address, American Pediatric Society, Washington D.C., May 1, 1974.
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