Mining Safety and Health Research at NIOSH Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2007) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-24
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Significant emerging research areas that appear especially important in terms of their relevance to the NIOSH mission. The committee used the assessment framework developed by the National Research Council-Institute of Medicine Committee to Review the NIOSH Research Programs (hereafter referred to as the Framework Committee)
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FRAMEWORk COMMITTEE EvALUATION gUIDELINES The Framework Committee developed guidelines for the evaluation of NIOSH research programs. The resulting Framework Document (Appendix A)
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FIgURE 1-1 Flow chart for evaluation of NIOSH research programs. NOTE: EC = evaluation committee.
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Part II (Chapters 8-14) provides detailed assessments of each of the Mining Program's seven strategic research areas.
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SOURCE: BLS, 2005a. the percentage of mining operations employing certain numbers of workers, and the percentage of the total mining workforce employed at mines of certain sizes, as of March 2004.
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0 TABLE 1-2 Number of Mines by Commodity and Employment, 1996 and 2005 Sand and Coal Metal Nonmetal Stone Gravel Total % of Total Employment Range 1996 2005 1996 2005 1996 2005 1996 2005 1996 2005 1996 2005 1996 2005 1-19 1,633 1,152 188 148 521 514 2,771 3,563 5,773 6,803 10,886 12,180 81 83 20-49 639 535 54 24 131 115 619 635 200 223 1,643 1,532 12 11 50-99 208 199 51 18 65 50 144 158 17 19 485 444 4 3 100-249 118 100 48 36 37 32 102 98 0 0 305 266 2 2 250+ 63 56 36 33 20 11 3 2 0 0 122 102 1 1 Total 2,661 2,042 377 259 774 722 3,639 4,456 5,990 7,045 13,441 14,524 100 100 % of total 20 14 3 2 6 5 27 31 44 48 100 100 SOURCE: Phillip H Nicks, MSHA, personal communication to Raja Ramani, June 2, 2006.
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Historical PersPectives Mining safety and Health Mining has historically been regarded as a dangerous industry due to the unenviable record of frequent disasters and accidents in its early years. Though mining has one of the highest fatality rates of any U.S.
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Health hazards posed by gases, dusts, chemicals, noise, extreme temperatures, and other physical conditions have been apparent to miners and the industry for a long time, result ing in numerous chronic and sometimes fatal illnesses. Considerable progress has been made in hazard control through improved mine engineering and operation by developing better indices of exposure, by better control of working conditions, and by exposure reduction (i.e., removing the hazard from the worker or the worker from the hazard)
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In 1969 the USBM combined its health and safety and mining research programs. In 1973, health and safety enforcement authority was transferred from the USBM to the newly created Mine Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA)
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Since becoming part of the CDC, the Mining Program has continued to build on the USBM's excellent foundation for improving mine health and safety. The contributions of the USBM to improved safety in mines are unquestioned in a number of areas including fire and explosion control, ventilation practices, rock dusting, explosives, methane control, airborne dust control, and miner training (NRC, 1990)
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