Mining Safety and Health Research at NIOSH Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2007) / Chapter Skim
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3 The Ideal Mining Safety and Health Research Program
3 The Ideal Mining Safety and Health Research Program
Pages 48-57
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From page 48... ...
Surveillance was considered vital in all research categories, but for the sake of this exercise, the committee included it within discussions regarding health research. Similarly, training and technology transfer are important in all research categories, but the committee considered them during discussions on safety research.
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From page 49... ...
The committee classified elements of the ideal mining program into surveillance, health effects research, intervention research, technology transfer, and other transfer activities. Health services or other research dealing with access to occupational health care, while important, is not a major part of this mining research program.
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From page 50... ...
mInIng safety H e a lt H R e s e a R c H nIosH and at 50 TABLE 3-1 Elements of the Ideal Mining Safety and Health Research Program Mission: Elimination of mining-related injuries, illnesses, and fatalities Program Component Definition Research Elements Surveillance The ongoing, systematic • Outcome surveillance (mining injury and illness) collection, analyses, • Exposure to health and safety hazards and interpretation of • Improvement of the data collection and surveillance health data essential system to occupational health practice, coupled with timely dissemination of these data Health Determination of the • Epidemiology effects health outcomes of • Toxicology research mining and related • Physical exposure activities through study ° Heat of individual miners, ° Noise mining populations, and ° Vibration when necessary, cell and ° Radiation animal models ° Other physical agents or actions • Lab-based health and safety risk factor research • Clinical screening Exposure Measurement of the • Assessment tools assessment extent of exposure of • Assessment strategies research miners to physical and chemical agents
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From page 51... ...
tHe Ideal mInIng safety H e a lt H R e s e a R c H p R o g R a m and 5 TABLE 3-1 Continued Program Component Definition Research Elements Intervention Research encompassing • Control technology research all approaches to identify ° Engineering controls and alternatives and control mining ° Administrative controls hazards ° Personal protective equipment • Emergency preparedness and response ° Communication ° Escapeways ° Refuge chambers ° Other • Work organization ° Innovative work schedules ° Mine and mine population characteristics ° Other • Policy and regulation research ° lternative policies for health, safety, and associated A regulations ommunity participation (mine workers and mining • C personnel) • Diffusion and dissemination research ° Effectiveness training ° Effectiveness of information dissemination ° Diffusion technology Technology Diffusion and • Training progress Transfer dissemination research • Computer programs (and other to ensure greater • Reports and papers transfer effectiveness in moving • Workshops and seminars activities)
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From page 52... ...
Oxygen-deficient atmospheres can occur when oxygen is displaced by simple asphyxiants or consumed by aerobic microorganisms. SAFETy RESEARCH NEEDS In order to provide an objective standard for measuring the relevance of cur rent and proposed NIOSH Mining Program research to mining safety research, the committee considered the broad range of safety issues faced by the mining com munity.
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From page 53... ...
a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a 1 or 5a -- Toxic gases and control -- Hearing loss prevention 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 Chemical hazards 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 2 Radiation 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Ergonomics Musculoskeletal disorders and back pain 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Vibration (jolting and jarring) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Heat stress 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 4 2 Surveillance and sampling 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 aImportance will depend on the specific toxic gas and the available control technologies.
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From page 54... ...
Three issues directly related to mining excavations identified as being of greatest concern are roof and rib integrity in underground mines, detection of voids in underground mines, and loose rock and mass slope movement in surface mines. Areas of greatest importance for future work include design methodology and better understanding of rock mass reactions.
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From page 55... ...
Monitoring and detection 5 2 5 1 5 2 5 1 1 3 Seals and barriers 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- -- -- -- 2 Geologic or hydrogeologic setting 4 3 -- -- -- -- -- 1 4 4 (over/under, mine inundation) Ventilation 4 2 4 -- 4 -- -- 2 -- 3 Workforce behavior and motivation 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -- -- 3 Emergency response preparedness 5 3 5 3 5 2 2 3 3 2 (including catastrophic risk assessment)
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From page 56... ...
Rock mass reactions Blasting damage 2 4 5 4 5 4 1 1 1 4 Induced stress 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 1 1 4 Cascading pillar failure 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 Voids Mine or natural void detection 5 2 5 5 5 5 3 2 1 4 technology Unique research needs Fault interactions 5 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 Large vehicle ground pressure 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 NOTE: On a scale of 1 to 5, 1 = least important and 5 = most important. COMPARISON OF THE NIOSH MININg PROgRAM TO THE IDEAL To a large extent, NIOSH Mining Program activities are directed toward inter vention research, particularly toward developing engineering controls for mining hazards.
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From page 57... ...
is vital and should be conducted elsewhere within NIOSH, though it is not clear to the committee what and where relevant research is currently being conducted. Surveillance, health effects research, and technology transfer activities are conducted by the Mining Program, but these constitute a small fraction of the overall effort.
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