Smart Prosthetics Exploring Assistive Devices for the Body and Mind: Task Group Summaries (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Build a Smart Prosthesis That Will Grow with a Child (such as a Heart Valve or Cerebral Shunt, or a Self-Healing Prosthesis)
Build a Smart Prosthesis That Will Grow with a Child (such as a Heart Valve or Cerebral Shunt, or a Self-Healing Prosthesis)
Pages 15-22
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From page 15... ...
Unfortunately, after balloon dilatation or surgery, valve integrity is compromised with significant leakage, which strains the left ventricle leading to dilation and dysfunction. Replacement of an abnormal aortic valve in a small child is a unique challenge, particularly in sizing the new valve.
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From page 16... ...
Moreover, the pulmonary autograft neither calcified nor degenerated over time in contradistinction to xenograft bioprosthesis. A modified Ross autotransplant performed in concert with annular enlargement, the Konno-Ross, is performed by first harvesting additional muscle from the anterior right ventricular outflow tract as the autograft is procured.
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From page 17... ...
Initial Challenges to Consider Many laboratories are attempting to create an alternative to autologous veins for use in coronary artery bypass grafting and other shunt procedures. In general, researchers are either attempting to engineer nonthrombogenic synthetic materials for use as conduits or to tissue engineer living blood vessels from cells and scaffold.
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From page 18... ...
TASK GROUP SUMMARY Summary written by: Kate Fink, Graduate Student, Science Journalism, Boston University Task group members: • Donald Eigler, IBM Fellow, IBM Almaden Research Center • Kate Fink, Graduate Student, Science Journalism, Boston University • Steven Gard, Research Associate Professor, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University • Jeremy L Gilbert, Professor and Associate Dean for Research, Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University • Irene W
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From page 19... ...
The potential benefits make the trip worth traveling, however, and this task group concentrated on identifying the areas where we lack knowledge and how we might begin to bridge these gaps in understanding. The additional issue of growth raises the degree of difficulty in creating prostheses for children, in addition to the scientific and technological challenges inherent in building any prosthesis -- such as compatibility with the host, integration with host tissues, and control of the prosthesis.
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From page 20... ...
Strategy Making a prosthetic that can grow with a child requires many decisions. First, in the taxonomy developed by the task group a primary choice must be made between two general strategies: building the prosthetic using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine or using synthetic systems.
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From page 21... ...
Future Challenges Researchers, doctors, and engineers must address several gaps in our knowledge to develop prosthetics that are smarter, more durable, and more accurate replications of natural tissues and organs. The task group identified several areas, including longevity, growth boundaries, and exploiting developmental biology, that present challenges unique to prosthetics intended for growing children.
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From page 22... ...
Bioethical, economic, and regulatory concerns also represent overarching issues that will infuse the decisions made in the course of developing these prosthetics for children. Task Group Recommendations Considering these gaps in current knowledge and the highly interdisciplinary nature of the work required to develop smart prosthetics to grow with a child, this task group recommended a future workshop with three general goals: building an initial plan for the immediate next steps required for research to move forward; establishing a calendar of attainable goals -- which prosthetics for children are likely to be achievable within five years, ten years; and building of interdisciplinary teams amongst those at the forefront -- those in fields such as prosthetic research, developmental biology, tissue engineering, electrical engineering, surgery, and clinical medicine.
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