Smart Prosthetics Exploring Assistive Devices for the Body and Mind: Task Group Summaries (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Describe a Framework for Replacing Damaged Cortical Tissue and Fostering Circuit Integration to Restore Neurological Function
Describe a Framework for Replacing Damaged Cortical Tissue and Fostering Circuit Integration to Restore Neurological Function
Pages 7-14
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 7... ...
Furthermore, the effects of these disorders are particularly debilitating, due to their profound impact on sensation, cognition, and other tasks that are often central to the afflicted person's identity. To rise to this challenge an original therapeutic framework is needed to restore critical functions associated with damaged areas of the brain, either through the introduction of new tissue or other material into those areas or via the facilitated adoption of the original functions by new brain areas.
|
From page 8... ...
The ultimate goal of implantable neuronal networks will require insights from the developmental neurobiology of the cerebral cortex, as well as advances in a range of technologies necessary for creating brain networks, promoting neuronal connections, engineering stem cells to match host tissues, devising biodegradable materials as scaffolds for implantable networks, and delivering molecules to brain tissues. Initial Challenges to Consider • What kinds of disease conditions could be alleviated by a cerebral cortex prosthesis?
|
From page 9... ...
Quill, Graduate Science Writing Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Task group members: • Dennis Barbour, Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
|
From page 10... ...
Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center • James Fallon, Professor, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine • William Foster, Assistant Professor, Physics, The University of Houston • William Heetderks, Director, Extramural Science Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health • Pedro Irazoqui, Assistant Professor, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University • Kenneth Jaffe, Professor, Rehabilitation Medicine, Adjunct Professor, Pediatrics and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine; Editor in Chief, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation • David Mooney, Professor, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University • Isaac Mwase, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Bioethics, National Center for Bioethics, Tuskegee University • Randolph Nudo, Director, Landon Center on Aging, and Professor, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center • Cengiz Ozkan, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside • Elizabeth ("Beth") Quill, Graduate Science Writing Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Molly Shoichet, Professor and Director, Undergraduate Collaborative Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair in Tissue Engineering, University of Toronto Summary Complicated problems often require new ways of thinking.
|
From page 11... ...
Such is the process of science. Dennis Barbour, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Washington University in St.
|
From page 12... ...
Berger joked back, "Particularly because we can't erase it anymore." All kidding aside, the group had defined the problem, but what next? Pedro Irazoqui, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Purdue University, said the next step was hiring graduate students.
|
From page 13... ...
A third option would involve growing new cortical tissue and using the microchip to teach this tissue to serve the required function. The group called it a "de novo engineered neural circuitry prosthesis." And a fourth alternative would be to co-opt less important tissue in the brain and use a chip to train this region to serve the missing tissue's function.
|
From page 14... ...
In the United States 700,000 people have strokes each year and 1.7 million suffer from traumatic brain injury. A proportion of these lose important brain function, including function associated with sight, control of extremities, and language capacity.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.