Tools and Methods for Estimating Populations at Risk from Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Crises (2007) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Populations at Risk: Local to Global Concerns
1 Populations at Risk: Local to Global Concerns
Pages 11-27
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 11... ...
These events also involve the mass movement of groups of people away from their homes either as refugees to other countries or within their own borders, as internally displaced persons (IDPs)
|
From page 12... ...
As a response to this request, the National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on the Effective Use of Data, Methodologies, and Technologies to Estimate Subnational Populations at Risk to address the issues outlined in the study's statement of task (Box 1.1)
|
From page 13... ...
organized, cross-institutional, inter- and intragovernmental structure that transcends the international public and private sectors. These actors include local and national governments in the affected countries, international and national nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
|
From page 14... ...
For this succession of events to take place, information on the affected population ought to be collected and shared as soon as possible and provided to update existing national databases. POPULATION DATA AND vULNERAbILITy IN THE DISASTER AND DEvELOPMENT CONTEXT Natural and human-induced disasters occur throughout the world but are often most felt by individuals living in impoverished communities or countries.
|
From page 15... ...
IMC ; USDA (WFP) Indonesian Red Cross IND IA N O C E A N USAID/INDONESIA IOM IRC 4 State/PRM 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° FIgURE 1.1 The number of organizations and countries involved in disaster relief efforts after the Indian Ocean tsunami illustrates 1 the complexity of disaster relief coordination.
|
From page 16... ...
Critical to the discussion is the ability to generate and use reliable georeferenced population data sets that allow population data to be linked directly with maps; this was a recurring theme expressed to the committee throughout this study process from a variety of crisis responders and development aid providers. Some of the basic terminology used in these discussions and applied in this report is reviewed below.
|
From page 17... ...
. Actors involved in all disaster relief efforts include national and local authorities, international agencies, and nongovernmental organizations.
|
From page 18... ...
The mass, forced migrations of people disrupt normal agricultural growing practices, herding, and access to proper housing, clean water, sanitation, and food. Malnutrition and disease spread easily in these circumstances, and efficient supply of aid can be hampered by continuing civil conflict, heavy rainfall or drought, and continuous change in the number of people requiring assistance in a given area.
|
From page 19... ...
The 1930s Dust Bowl in the United States is exemplary of a chronic hazard event (Worster, 1979)
|
From page 20... ...
For many countries, disaggregating national census data at subnational levels is difficult or impossible, even if the provision of national population censuses is possible. Haiti is a good example (see Chapter 5)
|
From page 21... ...
. As part of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, the Hyogo Framework of Action produced a blueprint for global disaster reduction from the local to the global (UNISDR, 2006)
|
From page 22... ...
. In the absence of available subnational census data or population surveys to complement existing population data, proxy data can be used to match demographic characteristics to specific locations (NRC, 1998)
|
From page 23... ...
The objective of this report is not to critique the actions of individual agencies or groups of agencies in responding to disasters, but rather to address the operational manner in which agencies might better collect, estimate, access, and use population data that are spatially and temporally defined and updated in the context of disaster response and recovery, as well as in development endeavors. In doing so, the committee has been guided by the premise that geographically referenced population data are a key component of relief, recovery, reconstruction, and development activities.
|
From page 24... ...
Throughout the study process, the committee also received valuable input through informal interviews with various professionals associated with planning and delivery of humanitarian and development aid and their use and familiarity with population data to affect more efficient aid distribution. This chapter has provided the framework and context for understanding populations at risk of disasters and humanitarian crises and the need for accurate, georeferenced data for disaster response and prevention.
|
From page 25... ...
Chen, K., 2002. An approach to linking remotely sensed data and areal census data.
|
From page 26... ...
Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management: Summary Report for World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Available online at http:// idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?
|
From page 27... ...
UNHCR, 2006. The 2005 Global Refugee Trends: Statistical overview of populations of refu gees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, stateless persons, and other persons of concern to UNHCR.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.