Strategy for an Army Center for Network Science, Technology, and Experimentation (2007) / Chapter Skim
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2 What Network Science, Technology, and Experimentation Is Needed by the Army
2 What Network Science, Technology, and Experimentation Is Needed by the Army
Pages 16-27
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From page 16... ...
in the Army; proposes a mission statement for an Army center of NSTE activities, an Army NSTEC; and identifies science and technology research areas that such a center might undertake. SCOPE OF NETWORk SCIENCE, TECHNOLOgy, AND ExPERIMENTATION Discussions of network science, its elements, and its criticality to military applications vary widely depending on how network science is defined.
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obvious and widely accepted, but the importance of communications networks applies equally to the latter; consider, for example, the physically smaller network involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) supporting a squad of soldiers who need to know what is around the next corner.
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. The technical scope for an Army NSTEC would include science and technology for both the network infrastructure and the nodes.
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• Network connectivity robustness to enable -- Rapid recovery, -- Scalable routing protocols, and -- Support of multiple network structures. • Network security to ensure -- Network availability throughput under cyberattack, -- Wired and wireless distribution of cryptographic keys, and -- Multi-level security (MLS)
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TABLE 2-2 Examples of Biological and Social (Non-physical) Networks 0 Functional Operational Network Type Elements Node Components Challenges Threats to Soldiers Implications Neural Sensory inputs: Communications Input capacity, mental Sensory overload, Confusion, visual, aural, tactile systems, "soldier as a awareness non-optimal cognition, incapacitation, no sensor" differences in individual common operating comprehension picture of the battlefield Autonomic/visceral Brain, nerves, heart, Involuntary/ Physical illness, Physical performance glands uncontrollable incapacitation, death degradation Motor function Brain, nerves, muscles Training conditioned Inadequate training, Physical performance responses injury degradation Metabolic Nutrition/hydration Water and food Maintaining health Interruption of supplies Physical and supplies and energy output psychological performance degradation Personal and Health maintenance, Health maintenance/ Seamless from Lack of expertise, Loss of troops to Personnel support medical care medical treatment battlefield to hospitals supplies, transportation, injury or illness systems facilities Physical protection Personal protection Effective versus Impediments to Physical performance equipment obstructive movement, exposure to degradation, injury or elements or enemy loss of troops Mobility Transportation Transportation system Availability and Inadequate availability Isolation, impaired quality troop movement, vulnerability to attack
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Disease Infectious agents Viruses, bacteria, Contagious illnesses Spread among troops, Incapacitation, injury transmitting vectors of transmission biological warfare or loss of troops Interdependence, Human Inter-personal, inter- "Battlefield buddies," Individual versus group Conflict, confusion, efficacy of group unit, inter-service, squads, platoons, rank goals and function; functional degradation performance, barriers and inter-cultural hierarchy, and native lack of cooperation; of performance of due to differences in relationships peoples impediments to individuals or groups, rank, language and communication, verbal offensive/threatening cultural differences and otherwise behavior by troops or enemy Economic Use of natural, Capital and Creation of value- Competition, Inadequacy of funding; human, and financial operational budgets, added products and waste, inefficiency, personnel supply, resources in financial human resource services, successfully mismanagement, support, management, infrastructure to management systems, competing with other technical obsolescence, and retention; research produce products physical plants and business networks governmental regulation budget; facilities and and services equipment effects maintenance
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Therefore, research on social networks and leadership development for the purpose of understanding and optimizing team and leader behaviors in a networked environment (e.g., collaboration) will be critical to the operational success of a networked Army.
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The two categories assigned Priority 2 (human performance in networks and adversary understanding) would require a major boost in investment emphasison the order of 20-25 percent of the Army's fiscal and personnel resources for NSTE.
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These considerations, combined with the need to provide solid scientific foundations for all pertinent network applications, lead to a recommended investment strategy for NSTE as follows: • Continue the current Army focus on information networks, expanding these activities to address basic understanding and predictability of those networks. • Develop and fund a plan that will provide the theoretical and scientific foundations for all network science research and applications.
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• Make selected investments in other disciplines, such as sociology, behav ioral biology, and neural science, to ensure that the Army continually advances its understanding of network science. Proposed Mission Statement Based on the considerations discussed above, the committee proposes that an appropriate mission statement for the Army NSTEC, whose activities would range from basic research to network applications, would include the following elements: • Strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of network science.
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Recommendation 1a: The Army should base its investment strategy for network science, technology, and experimentation (NSTE) on the priorities shown in Table 2-3 and develop and fund a plan that: • Continues the current Army focus on information networks, expanding these activities to address basic understanding and predictability of those networks; • Provides the theoretical and scientific foundations for all network science research and applications; • Significantly increases funding and efforts in human performance in net works and adversary understanding; and • Invests in other disciplines, such as sociology, behavioral biology, and neural science, to ensure that the Army continually advances its under standing of network science.
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investments to enable network-cen tric operations and warfare; • Focus applied S&T to enable social networks important to Army opera tions; and • Enable development of network science applications and facilitate their transition to Army and joint operations.
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