Training Physicians for Public Health Careers (2007) / Chapter Skim
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what knowledge and skills are needed by public health physicians, (2) the number of programs needed to maintain an adequate supply of physicians trained for public health careers, and (3)
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First, the committee envisions a future in which sufficient numbers of well-trained public health physicians work with other public health professionals to address population issues such as health promotion and disease prevention, chronic and infectious diseases, safe food and water supplies, sanitation, and environmental exposures. Second, the committee envisions a future in which sufficient numbers of well-trained public health physicians are available to provide the scientific and clinical input along with the leadership and management necessary to link and coordinate the efforts of the many participants of a strong public health system.
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. Furthermore, the committee recommends that • three additional areas be included in this basic education: lead ership, clinical and community preventive services, and public health emergency preparedness; • organizational partners (including but not limited to the Asso ciation of American Medical Colleges; the Association for Prevention, Teaching, and Research; the American College of Preventive Medicine; the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine; the Association of Schools of Pub lic Health; the Council of Accredited MPH Programs, and the American Association of Public Health Physicians)
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Therefore, the committee recommends that physicians, most of whom have elements of public health in their practices, have access to a way to assess their public health competency and training needs as well as support for appropriate continuing education in public health. Medical specialty societies should provide this self-assessment and continuing medical education, including relevant emerging topics and public health practice updates.
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Whether they practice public health full or part time, it is essential that their public health knowledge and practice meet the current standards for public health professionals as well as any standards relevant to their specific role in public health or to the populations that they serve. To ensure that these expectations are met, these career public health physicians require specific, enhanced public health training.
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Various attempts have been made to collect data on the number of public health physicians currently practicing in the United States by using available physician and public health databases and reports. Most of these reports have focused on governmental agencies.
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• the information regarding public health physicians obtained in the periodic assessment of the public health workforce be used to project needs for public health physicians and public health physician education programs, and to determine the level of funding necessary to prepare physicians to fulfill those needs. The public health system envisioned in the 2003 IOM report The Future of the Public's Health (IOM, 2003a)
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The committee bases its estimate of need for public health physicians on the assumption that public health would best be served by physician participation in the public health leadership team, both at the agency level and in major programmatic areas. Although estimating the number of public health physicians in practice today, as well as extrapolating that number to meet future needs, is difficult, the committee used the available information to calculate what it believes to be the most reasonable estimate of need and arrived at the conclusion that 20,000 physicians are needed in public health careers, an increase of 10,000 over the current number engaged in public health careers.
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Furthermore, evidence indicates that the current public health workforce is inadequately trained in many respects. It is important not only to look at training future public health physicians but also to ensure that those currently engaged in public health careers are adequately trained.
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• Recognizing the multiple training tracks by which physicians may come into a full-time public health career, the American board of Preventive Medicine, the board of Public Health Examiners, the American College of Preventive Medicine, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, the Association of Schools of Public Health, the American Public Health Association, and the Council of Accredited MPH Pro grams convene to explore the challenges and mechanisms avail able to assess minimum competency for physicians in public health practice. FuNDINg Currently, public health training of physicians is funded through a number of mechanisms.
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The committee recommends that • the u.S. Congress fund a comprehensive educational strategy sufficient to produce the additional number of public health physicians required through the following mechanisms: – Funding for residency training in public health should be equivalent to and parallel the funding streams for graduate medical education in other medical disciplines.
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• agencies, particularly state and local public health departments, create and adequately fund additional public health physician positions (full- and part-time) to accommodate the 10,000 addi tional public health physicians required.
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Public health physicians are vital to maintaining and improving the health of the public. The United States has an opportunity to build a strong public health physician workforce, but to do so requires commitment to actions that will overcome current barriers.
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